VIXEN

Guess what? A software house has bad the bright idea of

using a Page Three girl to sell a decidedly average game!

ARCTIC FOX

Get in, switch on, drive off and shoot nasty aligns. Snow fun

- ot is it?

PREVIEWS

we reveal whafs coming soon to the CPC - H«oes of she Lance and Mickey Mouse among them. Oh. and some bad news too.

SEQUELS - PLAY IT AGAIN, SAM!

A chance to renew your acquaintance with an old favourite -or just abigrip otf? A special AA investigation.

THE PILGRIM

The very best coverage of adventuring on the CPCs in die company of the enigmatic and elusive Pilg.

INTERACTION

FOR THE PEOPLE»fiVTHE PEOPLE

19 52

HOT TIPS

The place to pass on tricks and tactics ■

and eam£20orni::r

TYPE- INS

An excellent darts scoreboard and a graph dra wing program are among this month's bumper five page section of Stiings.

CHEAT MODE

There's a whole other world inside your games just waiting for you to discover it.

WRAPPING UP

THINGS TO BUY»BYEI

68 71

CLASSIFIED ADS

Your direct link to billions - well, okay then, tens of thousands - of CPC owners for fust £5,

BUYERS GUIDE

Is your favourite among out Top 50 Games'?

SPECIAL OFFERS

Outstanding offers on software, plus our extraordinarily generous subscription offer!

If it ain't broke...

Hello there I it's your new editor, as promised (threatened?) last month by Bob 'something in my eye Wade I hope you'll join with me. as T wish him all the best for the future, and thank him for sterling service. He's been here right from day one, first of ail as 'Software Editor" . thou as Heputy Editor" and finally, for 17 glorious issues, as Editor. Itll be hard following in his foot- steps, not only because of his incredibly large and flat feet - you didn't know? Oh Bob I'm so sorry you should have said - but also because of what he has done for AA, making ft to my mind far and away the liveliest and best presented of the CPC dedicated magazines. That makes it difficult to come in and take over.

So don't expect radical changes in your favourite read. In the old maxim, If it aint, broke., don't fix ill" We still aim to bring you the best and frankest games reviews around; we'll Still be here providing solutions to youi problems, a foruni for your opinions and the chance to join In the making of our mag.

On the other hand, a new editor inevitably means some new ideas both on presentation and on content. Some of them you will notice, if you're a regular reader, as you flick through, while others may only gradually become apparent. What I'm relying on. however, is that you the leader - who pay my wages, though you may not like the fact - will be quick to let us know what you think- A A has never been the kind of mag that thinks it knows best for its readers: on the contrary it's you who have helped shape it and made jt what It Is today

Enough of this idle chatter. Let's get on with it. shall we?

Amsxrad Action

Future Publishing Limited

4 Queen Street

Bath BA1 1EJ

Telephone 022b 446 D34 Fax 0225 446 019

Editor- Stewe Carer

Teduucal Etfilar. Pal McDocatf

suit Wiitw: Gary Baimt

Art Editoi OIlie Alriertc-n

CuuiiiLutoiB- KKEflid Mcjiifiiio. Stsva Cucftv

An T*ic EeQv Weddings. Kevin Hiiberi

PubUkftci: Cons Andesoa Fwdmtwn- Dame Tarcoa; dare WoctJUand.

Jenny HeiJ. Harriet Athay

Subscriptions: Avar. ntnsct Mail PG Box i. Pcntsbead. Huswi Bfzo be j

Telephone 0272 342487

Wail Order: dare Pates

Tfce Old &*m. Brunei Pre;mc:r Smumhwh, Siiunuaut TA: 1 TFt

TetephwtE 04S6 74011

Adnrtuukents: Margate1. Clarke

Byron Hmwe, 58 Bnnksswoy. Stockport, CheatJie

Telephone 061 474 T333

Covtt phdwamph*: Stuart Hayru=.a T^gtXianiphffl Both Tel: 032& 55343

CoSottl ociqinatitm: WcsSex ReprodurtianE, 525 Weila Raad. Sr.efA. BS-3 OQL

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Public programs?

, :mr Type-ins and cover cas- sette program s Public Domain9 I give my friends a copy of The Duct?

Colin Young

Ham i J ton

New Zealand

Mo you can't without the author's permission, because copyright of material printed in a magazine t$ usually reserved by

the author Ju$! in this one instance hw contacted Richard Barclay ci Gramtin and secured permission for you to make one copy tor your friend, provided no money is exchanged.

As of th's month we are ask- ing contributors to Type- Ins to indicate whether ihey are donat- ing work to the Public Domain and we in turn win indicate the tact when the Type- In in pub- lished.

Hopeless case

I recently swapped my SUN

4/1 1Q computer for a SI 28 with mat nice man next door, but I've been having a few p rob ems with it and I wonder if you can help?

How do you copy fil«s from disk to disk'7 ive tnecf putting two disks in the slot a": the front end but all I gel is B loud dunking noise and I have to use a screw- driver to get ihem out.

The fed warning light on lop ot the keyboard is beginning to worry me - what does it mean?

Don't just sit there grumbling or laughing about it - tell the world! Address your remarks to: Reaction, Amstrad Action, 4 Queen Street, Bath BA1 1EJ.

I typed CAT and got the mes- sage "Disc missing" and when I checked I found someone had nicked my copy of The Dark Side. How did it know?

RJ.Wefly

London

P.S. If I am the softwear winner

car I have an anghora fUmper,

sue medium., preterabty b>ue?

Disgruntled reader

Well it's finally happened, just as I knew it would, The dedication and the "pizazz' hns gone tin longer do I rush out to Smiths for my latest edition ot AA.

You started to get bored (or so it seemed) and the editorial quality of AA. along with the lack- lustre reviews, started its slow but steady slide down (he hill ot greatness.

If you are going to continue pub: shir g AA with its present lack of commitment I would jusl as soon see its demise before it falls ;nto me pit of □bscunry occu- pied by once great magazines. Remember the Eagle? Simon Warlord London

Wo!t we're sorry to hear you feel

AA is not the mag it once was.

# Let's hear it for comms

I want to correct some of the inaccuracies contained in Phftip Davis' letter (AA 33),

Firstly boards are definitely not 'semi-dosed dubs", ihough many ooards do require registration ano a'low limned access on the first

Bat. Secondly I arr surpns&d Mr Davis found So liltfe help from

Sysops. who are all enthusiasts., There are many people, including Sysops, eager to help newcomers, provided tney are approached pleasantly, Behave with courtesy and remember you are a guest of

teone providing a service at personal cost of time and money.

T*i 'dly there is no doubt that comms is rather battling at first, like many areas of computing. Aft with anything aise you pick it up by Vial and error. The advantage with comms is that you can ask ours tons

Sid Hancock London

I Simon, but rf is any consolation you're very much in the minority. We know this not only from oitr healthy safes and increasing subscriptions but from the com- ments on our recent Question- naire and at the Amstrad Shows we attend. You mention the Eagle and, sure, it was a great CQtr»c but perhaps ?bat tinge of nostaf- gia which is present throughout your ie iter, is the answer, Look nt some ot the eariyAAs agaw and you'll realise just how much the presentation has in tact improved. At least, that's how it seems to a new editor, who is convinced that Bob is a hard act to follow.

CfO^fe^T^-

*il ;**mA* Ah

*i^»

'U/A^tFfe

Gruntled customer

A year ano a half ago I pur- gbased a Romantic Robot fVlultrfg.ce 2. and although t made OaoK up copies of programs when I first bought it lately it hasn't been coping with brand new pro- grams quite as successfully.

I was pleased, ther. to read in AA about the new modified Mull if ace Putting biro to paper I wrote off sending my old Mull if ace 2, A few wee*s later my new Muliface Plus 2 arrived: accompanying it were instruc- tions and a very nice letter from Mr Goktscheider. a director ot Romanic Ronot

When i attached the Multilace to trie hack dI my computer I lound I couldn't get any reaction Out Ol it with the switch ua or down So 1 phoned them up, only to f'nd that I would need to posi it bacK for them to check it.

I did *.a .and just two days ate' received a new one with an adjustment - this 'ire no switch protruding out of the box. beng built into the device instead. There was also a personal apolo- gy tor the inconvenience and say- ing if any more trouble were to occur I was to contact thenn at

My new Multiface Plus 2 works a treat. I congratulate Romantic Robot for the serv.ee they have given me and would recommend tnem to anyone after a fnendiy, helpful service and the satisfaction that they treat you sa an individual instead of jusl another cheque.

Gareth Elkins Swindon

Wei' dona Romantic Robot: keep up the good work. Let's hope other suppltars of software and hardware take note and follow

SUft.

The address for all mail-order enquiries is: Clare Betes, The Old Bam. Brunei Presinct, Sonierton, Somerset TA11 7PY, while ell subscription matters (except orders - see the back of the magazine) are handled by Avon Direct Mail, PO Box 1, Portishead, Bristol BF20 9EG,

AMSTRAD ACTION

REACTION

Sprite and early

Yes please! Thai's in answer to Pat McDonald asking whether any- one would iike a sprites/graphics course. I'm sure mere mus- be many of us whose mam interest in assembler s for |he production of graphics, so such a course would follow on vary nicely Irom Fu-st Bytes.

As for what level it should be at, I can only speak fpr myself, 1 have some knowledge ol assembler but no experience; Assembler listings with commentary would be Ihe mast helpful for m.

Perry Williams Cambridge

We have good news for you. Perry, and ail the other assembler enthusiasts out thorn. Raf's hard at work on a series thai starts a ht tte later tins yeat just as soon as we can find a regular spot for ft. Don't expect huge chunks of assembler, though, because we vtam the programs to be user friendly for the beginner. Hackers can of ■■ course delve In for themselves.

* n% uf£ ji*\- $wt mot

f\^ WE- KfJOlM if . . *

CPC, speak to me

Sudden blindness has halted computet entertainment for my ueady lour year old son E run assured keyboard stilts will be essential to htm T>o ynu know of nnv CPC adaptions for tha blind'' It I were to buy a speech synthesiser are there any pro- grams existing such as a talk- ing calculator 01 talking games?

Stephen Brailhwaite Scunthorpe

Good grief, tour years old' They start them young m Scunthorpe.

As von may already oe awe mosi work for blind would be computer users has been done on the BBC and the PC. We spoke to Mike Cassidy, who in heavily involved with computing prefect? for the wstiaflfy handi- capped, and he believes that there are no talking programs tor the CPC. H anyone knows differ- ent perhaps they could let us

know and wett m the worm

By the way Soeecb! - itse all- software speech synthesiser we reviewed back in A A , 5 - fs sliti gveita&tfe H costs £9,95 (taps)/ tUM (disk) hum Superior Sod ware* {0532)459453

Not strictly true

I have a 464. bul no monitor Computer shops tell mn they can't possibly supply ihe monitor o^> ts own, and it I want one I have to buy another computer!

Masoud Olavari Torquay

They're being, ahem, economi- cal With the truth, probably because they'd tike to sett you a nee nftw computer. Comet for one certainty sell them (they have i. H9 colour ones m stock today tr you must know!}. Stock:

"Willing pjb&?-wo&> wil-l we c*^£thiH<>

TO <?A*7 A&c^T THAT 6AJV\&

codes ar& 8892391 (colour. £t60i am 8802309 (black and wttite* £60}.

A quick plug

In response to J. R, Hawkins' letter (AA 33), for £8.95 i supply a lead that plugs in between the expan- sion port and your ROM board wifh a switch to switch the ROM's on and off.

I *mi working on puffing an extra ROM socket onto Ihe Amstrad RS232, Please phone me il you're interested

David McKeever

Ma uc Mine

Ayrshire

(0292) 541 283

Chip shock

For my Computer Studies GCSF protect. I am writing a computer program in Pascal, and 1 want to place a pascal chip in my computer (6128, disk). ] have searched I ugh and

low for a dealer who can sup- ply one, but with no success. Are there any other ways 1 can get my computer tu w:tie in Pascal?

Miss Andri Pavlov Word

Why Pascal on a chip? Ws reotoa a disk version would bo much cheaper - Hisoft, for exempt*, xnppiy Pascal 80 for £49.95 " 0826 718181

Sounds easy

How do I grit s:ereo on the 612&7

Dominic Corby Chelmsford

You need an euoglifim such 68 the Bound Blaster from Site A Software*, which costs £29,8$ and also features two loud speakers. Alternatively you could ask an electronics tech- nical cliap to whip up such a system.

Critical remarks

My friends and I think these

arp ihe had points about y>ur

magazine1.

1) A presentation ruling

should be added, covering

packaging, title music, options

and loading screen.

1) The second opinion should

be longer

3) PreviewB should be a fea- ture of every issue.

4) A tape should be produced every month I'm sure like me many readers would be will- ing to pay an extra twenty-five to fifty pence every month.

5) Add xu\ne humour. Some people: did rvad Lhe comments at the bottom of the pages!

Simon Harris Maidenhead

We've hud to cot your long latter - especially all the nice

things you said' but 10 answer iiiese points as you seise them:

1) Good idea, but should we

be encouraging- software houses to maire packaging even more lavish and there - fore more expensive7

2) Gftry usually seys it all any way! (Well. 1 think so.)

3} The trouble with prvviows is Umt what is promised for next month may or may not

arrive before Christmas, and it's in no-one's interest - espe- cially yours for us to raise hopes thai aren't met 4) If only we could produce a tape every month! Unfor- tunately it's very expensive, and if it doesn't boost out sSr&My massive roudvrtship yd fiielilei v/e dcnX recoup our cosfs. Still, we're hoping to do one very soon, b} Not everyone shares the same sense of humour, and what yon end I find funny might wolf put other readers right off.

For instance. I'd Love to sec rhF? return of page bottoms and Tool., write to BRINQ BACK TOOT at Our usual ttddtess and Jets see if hc'il consider a comeback. He's a reclusive superstar millionaire. jetsctter playboy now. you know!

AMSTRAD ACTION

REACTION

Antipodean corner part one...

New Zealand m greal except !or one ; The other day I was reading the \m. est AA when I decide lo splash out and subscribe, because J would save a lot of money and also get a nee game

OH I wen! to rhfi post office to get •ome postal orders, but they didn't have them anymore because ttifly were too cosily, She suggested I go to a trading bank and get a hank draft And that would cost £10 -fcIS extra!

On the AA order ioirn you list Access as a motliud of payment, A number oi banking institutions here have ACCesS Cards. So I was wondering if wo could t':w:y.(\ card* '■" otofe n purchases from you?

Or can von suggest =1 better method of payment? Can we find the current exchange rate and write otii ;i cheque for thai ainuunt? Would you accept it? Please help me and all the other people around ihe wotld who would surely subscribe ii they knew how to make the transactions.

Danny Gilqren new Zealand

The situation tor overseas subscript tons varies trom oonntry to count ty tm very *m prised that a banker's draft should

cusi as much as you say - I suggest you ask in one to Gad Out !'kj truth A battel

way oi paying is to go into your local h,ink and ask them to send liie money. They Jake the payment from you and send ft over hc-rc using their credit card fwmher The current rare lor an NZ sub scripiion to A A is f.3& 18

Please note, everyone, thai the address for siibsenpuon intnitiloa is The Old Barn. Brunei Presmct, Somerlon. Somerset TAlt 7PY: donr send them here, because we just cannm he)p you' And for changes of address write to A«on Direct Mail. PO Box 1. Portishcad. Bristol BF20 SEG.

...and part two

1 live in Dunedin, possibly one o: the far- thest cities in the world from England, and there's very li la software around down bare, The twrj shops retailing Amatrao software have between ttu/rn about 150 titles about &0,'b0 tape/disk - bill they can never get any of the games I see in maga-^utjs Hke Tan Ccti. Alien? ir. IsiS Vegxs or A f rack ot the Killei Tomatoes

The Other problem is the price An average tape game is S45 (approximately £15) and disks about $60 (appro* E2UI and those are also the prices for so called burigflt games Saracen, for example costs C2.99 in England and CIS m New Zealand. 1 discovered the mail order soft- ware in trie back of some Amstrad maga-

zines - hir it's available only if accompa med by a £36 subscription or f,5 J over- seas! My pocket money doesn't stretch •■Hi far.

My second gn/./kr is that my little hroihei sometimes makes danrtg raids into may room and .ntu everything. Recently he corrupted my best d:sk. Five Star fiamos 3 Silly me. I hadn i made a hack up copy because none of my disus copy using CPM frxcept fii-Ktmg in las Vvgas - but and who would want a hack up of that?}. Are ihere any programs which can vopy at least some disks? My final gri22le - the dfsar.h of my 5 Star gaums Hi. Is there a way to clean the shutter on whicfc my bioilier left Ins fin- ger prims? I feel I am stuck m a rut which 1 can't gol nut of

Aaron Watson New Zealand

Now, sil you British tea<iein. do you appreciate hovt !t;rky volt uic, not livma tn Dnnrdir, ,inri having Aaron Watson's younger brother [firing fa vour housn?

Discoioqv from SHren Software, £14.95 m Britain. not only copies 95% of disk software, hut is easy to use, Hecc-very of corrupted disks is tricky, however, and your ot*st nope is to try and exchange U for a working disk, either wtth the pnrmn trom whom yon bought it. or the wanufac tumra

11 -Tli

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AMSTRAD ACTION

£\MJ

What's new on the CPC

Amstrad Show 'Disappointment1

IRIAl

COMPUTER

Exhibitors

at the latest-

Amstrad show.

at Alexandra

London, pronounced the event

a 'flop'. The absence of buz?, so much a

feature of previous shows, was the topic

of much conversation both among

exhibitors and among visitors.

Mark Tilley of Amor agreed iiiuL Lite show was 'much less successful than any previous one, ana professed himself 'very disappointed al turnout and sales' Joy Sharp of Rombo describe it. as average1, and fell that d didn't come up to expecta- tions

Alexander Goldschreidflr of Horn-antic

Robot has become tncreasingfe? doubtful about appearing at Amstrad thaws ana 'won't be there next time'. He spoke lo luls of pfiopla, he said, 'including Amstrad. and not one Was nappy'. His impression was that either the organisers had been very unlucky, or the show was not been profes- sionally done'.

Excellent venue

The venue itself was excellent. Veterans HO doubt recall the old style of computer shows, when aisles were six feet wide. end a popular stand ouutiod iams of M2S pfoporttoiw. Tills time there was plenty of space lor elU so much so, in fact, that the party newer really got going.

One cause of the lack of excitement was the shortage of new products. AA did Back down two offerings: The Insider, a riis-assemoler to list software in assembly language form for Mif/riftim? owners. - Romantic Robot are busy on it and we hope to review it next, issue - and second, KDS were assessing interest in aono megabyte silicon disk with a price of about C2G0. We realise it's really of minotl ty interest1, they lo-Id us, We're just seeing how big a minority

A ttendi.ii ice. at about 13,000. was fewer than the 20.000 expected, Mike Ma J lone sales manager of Database Exhibitions who run the show, admits he was 'disappointed'. 'Exhibitors turned out in respectable numbers - about &Q-IO0 1 believe' But the show was dogged by three main problems: 'Number one, we hold it. on a bank noiiday week. That was a gamble that didn't pay off, because Che two previous Hank Holidays had had fine weather. We won't try that again?

'Second, it was a hit too close to the previous show. The problem Heru was trial Alexandra Palace wasn't finished on time, so that the previous show was late.

'Las'", there were very tew new product launches We couldn't find any to adver- tise Willi the show, to drew people.

'But let's put things into perspective. If you compare this summer show with last year's, it was identical as Tar as atten- dance is concerned,

Good time had by AA

'We realise that 'you're only as good as your last show". We feel very sorry tor the exhibitors - we don't like Lo see them not maximising profits".

Database's plans fuj an October show in Manchester have no;, been hit

Future Publishing which hoasLs A A among its lilies, was there in strength, selling back issues, heaps of subscrip- tions, cutprice software and even outra- geous helium-filled ha I loons, as well as offering genuine AA advice.

The team - Pat on Thursday, Gary on Friday And new boy Steve on Saturday - had themselves a gi eat time, and extend a warm thanks to all thuue who came up and chatted - and especially the many people who said such nice ;hings about the magazine I

464 Upgrade

InteraaLyd in upgrading your 464 into a b!2-B using u RAM pack and 6128 ROM (sec AA30P K4M Computers i^fi do yon Ihe 6128 ROM at £16,50. a b;g saving on the Use pnee of €21.76.

X8tM will do the conver-

sion for you for just £25 including the ROM, or for £12 if send them your 464 with the ROM Chip.

K&M are on « 0695 29046 or write to: K6M Computers. 40 Falrstead, Birch Green, Skelmersdale, Lanes.

Free music

Goldmark have combined with Rob Baxter to arrange a special deal for puichaseiS of the Advstncoti Music System. Buy i: from them at £26 and yo'.i Trtceive a free disk Of previously urire- leased music files, n 07072 712529,

Love is a MUG's game!

Addn;l.:; o! multi-user games have >een issued with a warning that such activities can be highly dangerous,

Mclanio Weaver and Jez Thorpe met through the multiuser game Shades and four weeks after their game clituacteis mar- lied they got engaged in real life. Since then they have married and all the signs are that they'll live happily ever after

■2is is a classic case of multi-user, empathy, commented AA Doctor: zese two unfortunate people have quite obviously got carried away. Perhaps ouster people can loam from star;

Shades lias until now only been available through a sub- scription to MicroneL and Preatel. Now anyone with an RS232 interface and a modem capable of working at 1200/75 baud can take part In it. Shades is on «* 0898 10 0&90 and costs 2Bp per minute off peak and 3Sp per minute peak.

But don't say you weren't warned1

AMSTRAD ACTION

AMSCENE

Parking mad

Chubby Gristle is a new game from Lam, the team that brought, •ou Tentwiex and FUntstoaes. You , play the eponymous Chubby, a oar park attendant who tuu> lu cat his , way through 21 screens of plat- forms thai Increase m difficulty. or releass In August at £8,95 cassette and £1195 disk.

Boxing news

S13S have a tree catalogue of supplies trom disk head cleaners and dust cov- ers 10 printer paper and screen filters. For instance: two dish boxes, one lock- able, raiding 25 uncased disks (15 cased) and costng £18,20: the other holding 50 uncased (30 cased) at £10115.* 0273 726331.

Printer price hike

The European community has slapped a levy of a third on all Japanese printers noming into the EC. The enforced increase is bound to hit sales.

Brother, who manufacture printers and components in Britain and proud of it, can perhaps bo forgiven for gloat- ing somewhat over the news, having planned as far back as IS 84 to manufacture in the UK. Since October of last year they Have been producing a full range of dot matrix punt- ers from their factory in Rtiabon North. Wales. Brothers foresight has been rewarded1. boasts John Carter, head of Brothers Office Equipment Division.

Not so happy are Epson, who have been forced into announcing across the range

price increases - though these hflvo boon kept to an average of about 1054. 'This levy will hun. Jipsoin', admits Jenny Lynn-Jones. Printer Business Manager: it will hurt our profitability. It will hurt our investment in the UK'. Epson's press release on the subject in tikes interesting reading, as they try desper- ately to deny what everyone knows: that printers, htee ail computer peripherals, are highly price-sensitive.

In the experience of the 300 UK Dealers interviewed by Rcmtftf: in 198T. Jenny Lynn- Jones claims, "when a. customer chooses a printer price comes a distant fifth belund performance, reliabili- ty, service and range'. Yes of course...

Dragons and Heroes

The long and eagerly awaited computer versions of Advanced Dungeons and Dragons (AD&D) are due to arrive k September. The fust release is Heroes or* the Lance, an arcade action type game by US Gold m which you control a party of eight adven- turers. Strategic Simulations Incorporated (SSI) were to do the programming of Pool of Ifarijanoe which was to be the first of the true role playing style games, but it now looks almost certain that it*s not going to arriva on CPC {far the full story see Pruvittws on page 42). There are other products planned in the next four years (the license deal lasts until 1992) including a war-game and a training city called Hiilslar.

It is hoped tfrWar will make it onto the CPC, but that's still a long way away.

Budget Releases

Players have just released two mote games: Star Trooper and Sword Slayer. The former is an expioration/shoot-em-up set in the secret HO of ,7a hba McGut, arid latter a simple combat game for one or two players. The action takes place in a gladiatorial arena, with death the pri2e for the loser. Both coss El. 99 on cassette only.

Beads Huud by Americana is a ic release of a formei fuli-puced game. You control a force that has to attack and destroy a fortress deep inside enemy ter- ritory The game is split mto several £-.aqes that require different skills to com- plete It costs £1.99 on tape.

Zeppelin Games now come in iwo varieties which arc indicated by the colour of their covers. Red covers are grimes developed by Zeppelins in house programming team and they are £2.99. Blue covers are either re-releases of old games or products developed outside Zeppelin sod cost E1.99. FrcntHne is a red game U) wliich you gut to blast hordes of enemy troops with machine gun J no and grenades. Godename Mat, in the blue range, is a solid 3D shoot- em-up with a large portion of suuicgy in it as you hurtle around the solar system blasting the nvading Myons.

Airwoil is the second game to arrive

on Elite's budget label. Encore. You play the part of Stringfcllow Hawitc on a mis- sion to rescue five US scientists thai are held hostage deep beneath the Arizona desert. El. 99 on cassette

The latent game to appear on the Ricochet tabs] is the old Lucasfilm game, HMbJazer. You sit in the seal nf Toioforl and cliase a ball around a large 3D playing area trying io score goals. Your opponent can eilliei be another player or the com- puter which has various skrJ levels. £2.99 Dot the tape.

There are three new releases in the Silverbird range; Stunt Bike Simulator. European 5-a-side and Ninja Scooter Simulator. In Stunt Bifte Simulator you have five different tastes io complete while riding your motorbike. European 5-a-side is a two player game of football, viewed, from above the pitch and Ninja Scooier Simulator is similar to the many slcate- boazding games on the market. All three cost £1,99 on tape.

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Get the most out of your word-processor anci printer. This month: all you ever wanted to know about Letterheads but were afraid to ask.

So you want to create your own letter- head, do you? Just as well you're reading AA and not ".he Pigeon Fane-jar's Weekly {they do a rotten letterhead, 1m told). A peisanalised letterhead, after all. piuvrdes the puifuvt excuse for a real ego trip. 1 get depressed by stack after stack of indistin- guishable printed "alters, I daresay many cHtiors would love to see personalised touches in correspondence as machinf! printing (wnrri -processing1) becomes more and more common, Remember symbols are much more memorable, than worris or nuioheis,

Eight then, step one, take pen and paper and start doodling to find a good looking design. Certain features - notably your name and address - am obviously eL-wseuUal. IT you are in business your tale- phone, tax numbers and date space should alsu be included, with ancillary information about VAT, reference and company registration numbers if applica- ble.

Producing graphics on the Amstrad is not particularly difficult with one of the many an programs around, but using just the machine can be tricky. This entails slowly building up a Basic program which uses the commands plot, drah and move

Dunng the pasL year there have been various Type-Ins that might be ol use Fiohably the best is Hubert Buckley's SuiART, back in AA2B. Considering its size, just under two pages, it is very impressive indeed

Once you have your letterhead looking good onscreen you need to got it. out to the printer. Ana this is where the prob-

lems start. Such screen dumps are fairly common - there is one in this issue However sometimes they print down the page - it varies from program to pmgiaift

- and some only work with certain graphic modes. Problems, problems.

The best thing is la use a tommeiciul art package. There are several about. though foi some leason softwaie hOu$£g been slow m developing new ones With such a product drawing a letterhead is simplified, and generally they also include screen dumping routines to printers This is dependent on your printer type" most only work with an Epson compatible.

O Pat Mc Donald

Technical Editor For Amstrnd Actioi

rtit Jem

My Idler head, (Don't pretend you're organ- ised. McDonald, no-on9 will bt>lt»v» you -*d.)

Another problem printers have con- cerns the seven bit printer port built into all Amstrads. This means thai, unless the screen dump is sophisticated enough to deal with the problem, graphics dumps have lines running through them As well as this you have to fate ilie bet that you: letterhead is going to be in black and white - unlets ul tfjur.se you have access to a colour printer or plotter (such an the Star LC-10. which costs about £240 1 At present there arc no strewn dumps that use the extra colours.

Once you have your design - whet by drawing the letterhead yourself and

Portraits of the artists

Top of the range of art packages comes AMX Stop Press, a desktop publishing pack age in its own right. This means it can be used to write finished pages rather than just text. It lacks a few art features though. Next would come Micro Design lion) Siren Software, also a DTP program. Far cheaper than Stop Press with more an options but less publishing power. For an out and out ail package it's hard bo beat the Advanced Art Studio [see AA1\) from Rainbird. By far and away the most powerful you can get,

One minor point is that all of these work only on 12BK HAM machines with diifk drives, The only 464 tape art package worth talking about* Melbourne Draw from Melbourne House, has sunk into obscurity with the buy-out of the company by MastertrortLc.

Contacts

AMX Stop Press • £49.96 • AMS * 092S 413501

Micro Design • £24.95 • Siren Software, » 061 228 1831 Advanced At t Studio* £24 96 * Knmbird. n- 01 240 8838

running a Typo In .screen dump, using an art program, or peitiaps a combination yon are faend with reproducing it on youi stationery

Probably the easiest way is to take your design down to your local printer - as in the person who prints, rather than machinery eto (gal on with it ed J They aw vuiy luu willing to whip up some mas- ters and produce sheets by the thujsatid - because they charge for the privilege

Alternatively you could photocopy n. This means poor quality, and lots of expense but a low hassle rating.

The (.heapssl way of all, not surpris uigly is to print il yourself using your own printer and simply running off copies as required Its noisy and time-consum- ing, but at least it's cheap and convenient.

Past, present, future

When the Amsirad was first launched Amsword was available straight away. It was in fact a conversion of the Taswoid word-processor. Further versions were released by Tasman software,

Coming tauiy close together were WordStar, Br un word and Pretext, Of those, Uie fust has sunk into ohscari- ly. while the others have grown and boon further ttevetoped.

Other word-processors, such &s Pyraword< Pendown and Mew Word. have gamed a niche. Generally though, three of the first four have- been going strong Their support now includes speil checkers and (in two cases} miniature fihng systems. But what n&xt? Has the CPC's word-pro - cessmg capacity been reached?

I doubt it. For a stun, the ROM software capacity of the machines enable extra programs to bo plugged in without losing memory. Virtually no other machines m the price range have that capability And there are plenty more features to include such as a thesaurus, integral spreadsheet and print enhancers, for instance, But mora than that, the continued interest in this column indicates the large user base that siili exists.

So don't got ofi yet - the best is yet to comet

AMSTRAO ACTION

WORDS WORK

Get it right

I fondly hoped the key buffer expansion program on page 21 of AA31 would sobc my problems. Unfortunately it didnt It reset my CPC - not exac-Jy what 1 wiu.tedi

After tipping through, various books - ii^dtifiir.q the CPC Firmware Guide - I die- covered a mistake in line 30. The linr* should read (I think' J M data 2i,^r05,liJsl0.N9,a>,l£rHS,c9 Hugh Rabson, Bognor Regis

Pocket Solution

A tip for Pocket Ftoiexi If you have a CPC6123 and a DtAi'ZiiQQ printer then, when you press the CTRL oi SHIFT keys as well as a numeric (keypad) hey a 'special' character is panted on the screen, but not on the printer Thoic are t.wr> solutions: f) Load setprint and load 'he fcw ptr within the program Change the prater type from internal to parallel Delete the codes lor continuous paper and single sheer Save this edited punter driver as DMPZ00& ptr on the start of day side of The dish. How aU a »a Hi the manual 2) Another method is to use the phrase key. Ctrl 0, Co into the famimand mode and typo lp then press return Now all ike phrases are displayed on the screen Note that all thu special characters are available from there So if you make a printout ol Which characters are where, you can get them with the ctkl 0 key The only disadvantage »s that you can- not create phrase hies without destiny Utg an/ of the characters John W Bowman, The Nelhei lands

Collected works

Some Tasword tricks, II you print £ 100 or 99 % m your text and then justify, the sin- gle space often becomes 2 or 3. ndicilous. Sometimes Che symbol Jumps tq -Jie next ljnu intolerable)

My solution is to set up one of the func- tion keys to pnni a nonprinting character I torn the second character set, say the Creek capital signta X. Insert this into the Single space which you want to re La 111. The memory then regards the combined char- acters as one word, hut the printer leaves a single space! Or you can program all the appropriate keys like £, %, and % to he automatically linked with the sigma

There are many printer characteriattea not explained in the manuals. For jiistan.ee. if anyone wants to know how to gel all French accented letters onto the numeric keypad, to print them both to rhe screen and the printer I can send them the inior- nvation. It was quite by chance thai 1 dis- covered that most of those caaiactera are directly available in the DMP2000

] can print all these accented letters in language 2 (English) except the umlaut and cedilla They are ui the printer some- where but I want to usr? them without switching to language 3 [French) and los- ing some ul the English characters

AMSTRAD ACTIO

Granting the option

I use Asiswoid (version 1 02) on disk. I often find that when I come 10 load a hie 1 have forgotten its name Up to now tins has meant going into Basic to catalogue the disk or taking pot luck. The solution T went lot was to change Lines 290 and 390 as follows:

290 IF a=8 THEN MEWDftlf

rah CAT; PRINT 'Fr**« any key to

OOntiftije'" : WHILE

IHKEYS^""" :WE«D;QOTO ZflB 390 »S{S)="File

catalogue" :b$ (8) -*F" Lb (S) -53 This replaces the option to go into Basic widi an option to catalogue the contents of the current disk Martin Bolter, Northants

In the DMP2O00 manual it yn/*s an example program for User Do: mud Characters' But it only prints oliaractnrs imirtg the seven bottom puis Out Ol the nine on thfi printer dead, 1 cannot find QUt how to use the tup seven

As with all thu instructions in the Amstrad manuals, it look me hours to translate the instructions on User Defined Characters into normal English. Tne people that design these things are practically illit- eiate when it comes 1,0 explanations in ordinary language!

K A Harmon, 2891 Route de Monde. 34090 Mootpellier, France

Peter Tewkesbury can supply an editor for the second character set Of Tasword. His address is 2b' Car thorp Rd, Northorn Moot, Manchester BA23 OAS. Send hilll u dish ptits Li to cover costs

your seven bit prohtftms are en dermic to the hardware at the Amstrad. How acoui mi uight bit printer port from KDS electronics at £19.35, which Ivts you print taller chaiaCteiS? * Q4S53 2076.

Ouahtas Plus, a very attractive pro gram from Seven Stain software, enables the creation of extra fonts very easily, and can utilise an eight hit punter port if YOU havn one As a simple unns/ei to down- load problems it is the one I heartily rec- ommend. ft works on Master file ITT. Mi.i: Office J I (6128 only}, Protext (not CFM) as wel! us Taaword Frice is £14.95 disk, E12JJb 464 tJpe version. Extra font disks are available for £.9.95 each, Seven 6'rajs can be o;;jtacted on v Q6284 3445

Boxing Brunivord

A valuable feature of the current vtr ■ton is the ability 10 ledelme certain keys to send any sequence of ten char- arr.ers to the printer and 10 display any desired symbol on the semen. There are 21 keys: that can be rednfined: the numerals 0 to 9. prefixed hy CTRL, and various non-alphabet keys. These last are the keys thflt produce tne ace riled characters if a foreign alphabet is being printed, so that it is possible to display the accented characters on tne screen as well as print mem. It is also possible to instruct the printei to print a chnrao- tur high speed, double density dat grapliica so that it is possible for instance to define keys to display and print in Welsh and Cyrillic

When loaded Bnwword defines the numerals with CTRL to display and print a selection of Greek characters and mathematical symbols. The others are lef, unchanged. The keys can be redefined using a Basic program and the set saved to disk. The set is then loaded with ESC U (update).

1 use this facility to produce tables and family trees, using the 'box" charac- ters of the IBM set. By loading rhe appropriate character definitions I can assemble on the screen and then print patterns such as the foliowmg:

Lz^zn

With another set of definitions 1 can use the number keys to produce captions, W.th a single key stroke I cai^ pu:t in double height, double width, empha- sised italic or double lic.yht. double width, reverse print, and display a suit- able symbol on the screen.

If anyone wants more information on this or any other aspect of Brirnword, drop me a tme and I'll gladly help M Catton, 11 Battery Close, Gosport P012 4PA

Share word processing trick* or prob- lems with other Amstrad addicts.

Send them to: Words WorJr,

Amstrsd Action, Future Publishing ,

4 Gueeri St, Bath, BA1 IE J.

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BOOKS

Just the ticket

►<>

Read all about it - Pat McDonald recommends reading material to educate and entertain.

Powerful Programming foi Amstrads - Supercharge your 464/664/6128

by W. Johnson, Sigma Frees ISBN 1 85053 046 4, £6.35

This compilation of Basic routines covers many interesting and varied topics, from sorting routines to 3D amage manipula- tion. It is a pity, however, that large, sophisticated programs get no more than a paragraph or two of commentary and explanation.

Johnson deliberately makes it difficult to understand a program without going through it and analysing it In some ways this represents a challenge, and some of the more obscure routines need a good grounding in mathematics to appreciate them. A book to read if you want to find some programming solutions, but not for a tyro wishing to cut some teeth.

Last Resort

Most books reviewed here are hard to track down through a Email book- shop, although any title in print can be ordered if the full title, author, publisher and International Stand- ard Book Number are known.

The exceptions are Melboure House Publishers Ltd. The software side of the company was sold to Mastertronic, and the publishing side no longer exists.

If a book is out of print, do not despair. Write to The Out of Print Book Service with details of the book you want, enclosing an SAE. If they come up with the goods, they inform you and guote a price. The minimum handling fee is £S,so the method is hardly cheap, but if you decide you don't want the book you needn't buy it. Write to the Out of Print Book Service. 17 Fairweaiher Grove East, Fairwatei, Cardiff CF5 2JS. « 0222 5694B8.

Further reading: The Amazing Amstrad Omnibus Martin Fairbanks, Interface Publications, ISBN 0 907563 82 1, £7.95

Music and Sound on your Amstrad

by fan Sinclair, Melbourne House ISBN 0 96161 192 6. £7,95

Sinclair, writing in his usual chatty style, concentrates solely on the sound capabil- ities of the CPC's. He starts with sound propagation and progresses into musical theory. The examples and diagrams are clear and informative, and while the plentiful demonstration programs may be short they are of high quality,

Coverage is not too deep, yet mBiiy substantial noises and musical composi- tions can be appreciated and adjusted. There's a section for machine code users, too. Readable and informative.

An introduction to CPM+ on Amstrad Computers

by P.E. McBride, Glentop Publishers Ltd ISBN 185181064 4, £7.95

There is not a lot of literature available for the novice on CPM+-, a situation hap- pily improved by McBride's introduction to this operating system CPM books are more common, but in very few other instances can reference be found to the extra facilities available on CPM+.

As well as detailing the usage of the system, the book gives information on the usage and purpose of the more com- monly used CPM+ programs. To many people the book may seem a little too advanced, but it is the best attempt at a tricky subject, GSX, BIOS and BDOS ate briefly considered as well.

Fur tiier raa.dmg;

CPM Plus Handbook

by Digital Research Inc and Amstrad pic.

Heineinann Ltd, ISBN 0 434 90321 3,

E14.9S

Advanced ^ Amstrad User's Guide

by Daniel Martin, Glentop

Pubi. Ltd

ISBN 1 85181 018 8, £8.50

For you don't want to Invest too much money in a reference work this book pro- vides plenty of facts and figures about the CFC's internal workings. Its sections include locomotive Basic keywords, the standard charactfir set, machine code digits for dis-assembly work and so on,

It also explains the vectors into the operating system, listing such points as entry and exit register conditions. On the whole, though, it lacks the fine derail and informative comment of Anatomy oi the CFC's. One for those already knowledge- able about computers who wish to study them in some detail.

Further reading:

Amstrad CPC464 Whole Memory Guide

by Don Thomasson, Melbourne House

ISBN 0 86161 199 3, £7.95

Ins & Outs of the Amstrad

by Don Thomasson, Melbourne House

ISBN 0 86161 190 X. £7 95

Games and Graphics Programming on the Amstrad CPC464, 664, 6128

by Steve Colwill, Micro Press ISBN 0 7447 0033 9. £996

A subject close to many CPC owner's hearts: making money by writing games. But don't get the wrong idea, this book is included purely for the way it demon- strates graphic techniques. And very well it does it too, with information on sound, screen layout, key reading inter- rupts etc. It is a fairly fast read, although to get any sort of benefit it will be neces- sary to digest the information property.

What lets the book down is the fact that all of the proc^aoiiriiing is in Locomotive Basic. This makes it more understandable, and the book's value is in laying out and explaining techniques rather than forcing people to find out the hard way. Making money? You'll have to resort to machine code. Nevertheless .this book represents a start on that path,

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HOT TIPS

%q@t TJiPi

Another clutch of your serious soft'h aid ware tricks and tactics - and remember, each month the best tip wins E2Q!

Not fade away

Piiaiex ribbons don't wear out, they just

fade away. So why not try re- inking them? Endorsing ink from stationery sieres seems about right. The right hand ribbon holder - the one with the circular raised section can easily be pi ism: apart to reveal a felt pad and two small idlleis. Put a few diops of ink on the pad and then carefully reassemble the unit,

The result is really black characters. (The print may be a little uneven at first: just run the self test to give the ribbon a lew runs over the rollers,) Wear rubber gloves applying the ink. You'll feel pretty silly, but you won't get stubborn ink stains all over yum pinkies! M A Jarvis, Sedglcy

Colour supplement

There is a way of getting muie t&ua the

allowed number of colours of that mode

on the screen at the same time. Simply

use or modify the listing below

50 HDDS 2

60 INK O.Q:INK 1,26 "BORDER 0

~0 ' S*C transparency node

BO PRINT CHR$[S1G};CHR$U)

90 LOCATE 20,10

100 PRINT "Mike Greenwood's Colour

Propria"

110 LOCATE £0,10 120 PRINT "

130 WHILE INKEYS-"" 140 OUT tlFOO.O 150 OUT (7F00.&6 160 OUT «7F00,103

170 WEND

Hint ibis program and you find three

colours on the screen at the same time. Try adding the following lines:

155 FOR 4=1 TO 2: NEXT

165 FOR a=l TO £;NEXT

AIkr try altering i.hn numbors in lines ISO

& 160 after the comma - use a range of

64-127.

Mike Greenwood, Abode Unknown

Hacker hacked

AAI'i Hackers Only was incorrect, To get the tontine working uiseil ID B,A after the org statement, and replace the ID a, (ix) with ld a,b And you reserved memory for stota instead of Buffer in the last line. David Jameson, Belfast

Screen swap

A quick way of swapping screens

between &4000 ana. &CC00. hirst load a

screen as normal - i.e. LOAD "fils-

name" . &C0QO. I'Jext :ype CALL SBC06.440 snd the acteen clears. It's a good idea to write a program to do this, otherwise tlie command appears on the screen. To recall it. use call tecee, *co Matthew Cawley. Deesirie

Sweeten Honeysoft

Honcysoft's Am&uad Asstmtbty Language Course is a very good program for beginners but a little weak in presort cation.

These modifications establish two windows, the left being mostly for edit ing listings, the other for source file and display purposes, It's useful to have this information available when altering the source code,

64017 KEY 138, "MODE 2: GOTO 64026'-+CHRS(13) 65025 MODE 2

64026 WINDCW 1, 40, 1, 21 :PLOT 32Q,55,1:DRAWR 0,400: PLOT 1,55: DRAW 640 55; CALL SBC02:FEN 1 : PAPER 0: WINDOW (3,42,80,1,21 64089 INPUT "Starting line nun- ber-:nl:CLS P3: WINDOW SNAP 3,0 $4108 WINDOW SWW 3,Q;RETURW 64244 WINDOW SWAP 3.0CLS POKE 13007, n-1 64250 WINDOW SWAP 3, 0 :cS=' E - : RETURN

There shouldn't be any problems wills this because the Basic is unprotected,

Kote that a time-saving point not dai- iiied in the manual is that ii you end the external command table of an RSX pro- gram wall ihe command bet, the pro- gram does not crash ii you mistype an RSX'siiajne Sean McManush Stevanage

Stop press!

i You cannot load Advanced Art S:udjo screen files into Stop Press, but you can load Stop Press lilts uuo AA$. The file extension is .sps,

i The Di<a>EMD.sps file on side twn of t.hf? systems disk can be loaded in either model: or 2. Also on side two are some excellent digitized cutouts tlml art1 well worth u look-

i Loading a cutout with the gridlock switched on you may be able to place some of the cutout over the ruler/menu and erase it. But take care" This cannot be undone, so be sure you've got your Cutouts positioned before pressing move to load them.

I To obtain best Tcsults with, the Amstxtsd font select 'adjust' from the menu, and adjust the spacing- to 'A inch in the x direction and 1 inch lt. they direction, For all '.6 X 16 fonts, adjust the spacing to 2 in tbtx sx.s and '. m :1,q y axis.

i On the Excra\Extra' ±s'a (packed full of clip an and lujusj, Lhe spacing for Oie Hrtec70, filiiiSO and Teeny90 louts should be ciianged to 3 x and '/ y.

When you use the autoliow option don't place the text cur- sor on a lino or graphic, but in line with it. The cursor cor- rects its position automatically

When you position the text cursor In a window never plate it actually on the line of the window, because some of the P'.xels matting up the line will be removed.

■ When entering text manually and using autoOow it's best to add a space at the start o! each new line, because other- wise the text starts right at the edge and is difficult in read,

■ Creating text files with a word-processor^ Don't use word wrap or justification,

■ Text windows do not invert before you clear them: graph- ics windows do.

■ The MTQ printing option produces slightly blurred results. The standard option, although lighter, is clearer.

■ And don't worry that your printer ribbon will wear out very quickly. 1 have printed more than twenty full pages using the standard quality setting and the ribbon is still going strong.

■ When using the page position icon to move the page about, be warned that the page does not go right down to the bottom, You have to move the page up manually to access ihe last few centimetres,

■ Users thinking about buying Stop Press who want to see some printouts lust can gel Uiorn from me. The charge is 50p - and while you're at it, enclose any questions about the system.

Phillip Stoddart. 6 Shortsfield Close, Horsham. W Sussex, RH12 2N A

Really useful tips. Phitlip: C2Qon the way.

AMSTRAD ACTION

PROBLEM ATTIC

PlEK&iMSiLi^mi MTITi/©

There he goes again, thai Pat McDonald, solving people's problems. Shouldn't be allowed.

Short memory

1 saved a program whicn was 3B913 bytes long but I caul savo mm of 40574 bytes il keeps coming up Memory Full. How much memory does Save use? D Holmes, Mid Glamorgan

The save, command uses a 2K (2048 bytes of memory) buffer to store data in. Although a 434 tape system has more usable memory then a dials system a program of maximum size on a 464 should have a memory setting of about 40500. allowing for the minimum of variables, Looks like you'll have to opti- mize your program, perhaps even split it into two.

No connection

I am having trouble with 5 V DC and mon- itor cijijnec'.GJii; on my 464 (bought hack in '83). To got a picture f have to fiddle with the leads conneccng the monitor to thfi computer Sometimes the screen splits diagonally, other times the colours change. (1 knew because 1 have a modu- lator.) A High am, Liverpool

Sounds as if the connecting ports are worn out. Both sets of symptoms are caused by an intermittent synchronisa- tion signal. For a fault like this your local TV repair man should be compe- tent.

Lost assembler

I'm a Amsiiad CPC464 owner writing pull-down menus in Z80 assembly. The trouble is that I don't know how to locate text on the screen using aflsemMef lan- guage. David Hookway, Southampton

Within the CPC operating system there are a series of ready made entry points for youi own machine code work. They are fully documented in SOFT966 from Am soft . unfortunately it costs a hefty £19.95. Nearly as good is The Anatomy of the CPC's by Bruckman-Englisch Gerits-Steigere, published by First Publishing Ltd at £14.95.

To NMIt or not to NMI

Is there a way to stop a machine code progiam in mid-flight, and pass control over to another small routine sn memory'' I want to do this with programs which

run With 0* without interrupts. I liave

heard of an NMI (non-maskable-inter- rupl}, buL I can't get it to woik. Tito vec- tor lor this is at Sititj, but 1 don't know how to uiggei tl. (Expansion port pin 36+GND?) Thomas E Jolly, Northumberland

Your theory is fine, but unfortunately you have to ensure that the lower ROM is switched out. Otherwise the vector at &66 will be read from it and your pro- gram won't work.

Career decision

I want to be a programmer. 1 have mas- tered Basic: what language should I choose nex;,? Matthew Davey, Australia

That depends. If you want a training job with a company qualifications count more than experience with languages on a CPC. On the other hand if you want to be a free agent programming on an Amstrad then it depends what your market is. For writing games machine code is really vital, but for business applications high level languages like Basic or C would be better - writing in these is generally faster.

Take heart - we're printing your type -in next month!

Echo from the past

A back number oi AA (H) winch had a cover cassette had a program msjde Tor trans ferring it to disk It doesn't wont! J Williamson, Manchester

An update appeared in AA9:

10 OPEUQOT TJ' :t*WQHY 4M&:CLOSB0OT

20 |TAPE.IH:LQAD ""jPOKE -12556 , 201 : CALL

12554

3C SAVE * COV'.B. SOW, 37544, 10BS7 : f DISC

Y<rtj j«j?t type RON'OTV™ to load the

game.

Programmer blues

n 1 ii v to load anything else when the 464 6128 converter program (Christmas tape) is in memory T get the Bad Comnand error. 1 can get round it by HEBGEing il with what I want to use, but 1 would prefer a more convenient way of using the program.

Secondly, ptease WW me what the last i dees in the 6123 command;

DFAWR x.y,!, 1

My last gueiy concerns a problem with my own listing in which the delete key is ignored 1340 'key in routine 1350 answer$=""

1360 z5=INKElfS ; IF !$=' " THEN 1360 1370 IF iS=CHRS(127) AMD aaswerSo""" THEN tenpS=LEF- TS (answers, LEN (answers)* -

1} ; answerS>=t(3i5>£ ral^POS (Dl) ;z2=VP OS (Ml): LOCATE #1, SEl-St, S3 :PRINT SPACES ( 1 J: LOCATE #1 , zl-1, z2 GOTO 1360

1380 IF zS=CHRS(l3) THEN RETURN 1390 IF zS="a" and aS <-"*" THEM zS=UPPER${r$)

1400 IF ■$=*' " THEN 1420

1410 IF z£ < "A" OH zS > "%" THEH

1360

1420 PRINT *l.z$;-3TiSwe

rS=ar,.swerS+B$:OCTO 1360

Robin Brown. Inverness

I have no ideas about the first point (any suggestions?), but last t on a graphics statement selects XOR graphics mode. A 0 at the end means normal, a 1 stands for AND and a 3 will get OR mode, To use it on a 464 type: PRTJTP CHRS (17} ; 1 (Or 0,2 Or 3)

Line 1370 is supposed to do the ; business. Rather than all that mess- ing about with FOS and SPACES, why don't you use the codes for backspace and space? All the control codes and their uses are in the back of the man- ual, hut here is a working line:

1370 IF zS=CHR$(127> AND

answ«z$<><" THEM t«p$=LEF-

TS (answers, LEN (answ*xS) -

1) : answer $=terep$ lPRTMT

#1, CBRS (6);" ';CHRS(8J: :GOT0 1360

The man from Problem Attic, he say yesi

I am interested in youi ofler in AA32 lor Master Machine Code on your Amstrad 464

& 664 by Jeff Naylor and Diane Begets, I have a 0128: will the programs work on my

computer?

Stephen Pugh, Bridgend

mere it comes, All together now) Yea,

M AMSTRAD ACTION

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	CJm^

REVIEW

The case for data-merging

After careful hours spent weighing the evidence, Pat McDonald passes judgement on Brunning's new release

INFO-SCRIPT 6128

Brawling Software • £46 disk, only • 12BH/256K only

Many moons ago Brunning software released a word-processor by the name of BrunWord. More recently - to critical acclaim - BrunWord 6128 was launched. Now they've come up with some- thing off theit beaten path: lnfo-Scripi 8128.

'The Complete Database with Word-processor & Spelling Checker* boasts the p&cfe&otAg Complete flaiabaae? Wull, yes sod

dg. info Script comes on a single disk, so you could hatcUf expect a mammoth package . Within this space limitation, however, what you get if; really very good.

To exploit the |Tflcrkagfi to the fOO yosi need a Dk'tranlcs/Ram Electronics 2b6K HAM pacis. Tins enables you to store info-Script, BrunWord, BnuiSpeU and still have space for six pages ot text and 3000 data entries. 128X owners have to load BrunSpell separately.

But what docs it actually do7 ""his is Going to take some time, so bear with me. At its Bimplest. the package is a name and address book, enabling large amounts of entries to be kept handy with the word -processor. Vary convenient, bill hardly world shak- ing.

Earthquake!

What makes Info-Sci ipt unique is the high level of data integra- tion und intardopeudeacy. In some comparable database lecoids must be of a similar type, the only concession to individuality Semg that some records can he empty, With Info Script fields in lecords can actually refer to other records.

iwriiT	F Cnlut	fe**t	Tw»	CtMa
■Ml	H fr	1: icon irtisnt ■ 3rnp l»d	niictrntf
Mler	S ft"t	ShrtWO*	Lh«
Hid	r*	i Rtrivtt ».rht	VI*	EMM
tntrns	tfiis	Li kMdildf BtH	t:T»l!t?!U»
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EJNK	*
Mil	ifil	Si	ffl	I 1
uer	S f	'S «:i! Vi	lni jtij
w£«	**	j li.L- I mi 2 #i :ttt	wit	life
Ufa	sTim-jf.	Fjsh
NHS	i fr	i C:wr I«ff	MWTffl-i
KtH	H 1r	7 k:;-* tad	3wl*5!9rt	tea
Eire	fe	pHM	F::«
Hah Um LU		"> l-'( tat=t	n» serine	EaM
Btrpoki	K nisi	1 :.ic* J.TMr	JWflU* i6<*	KfrU
tntM	Bfr	awn tintt	,m*i> Sritjt KiTTW	QuifKha BE
Ml	? fc	a «*f»ti stun	^w«U<
Cpntinu* 1 V fnfa-Seripf from the f	i :.-i i	■HBna>K'	»«wu
ront

Ijei's illustrate with an example. Supp-ose you were a stock person look-rig after a warehouse. Hot only would you need to store each part type, you would need a Jis: of suppliers as well, And if a part were available as a set or sub-components you would like to store those as well as their suppliers. All well and good, hut linking them together would prove very difficult.

Nut so with this program. If really dues let you have a free form database. Well maybe not quite.,, If you change the format of lecords and then try to pmfoim opeiatioiis on them Info-Script

AMSTRAD ACTION

gets moody It's a bit like trying to compare two completely differ- ent things, like the colour blue and the number 7.

Getting back to the example, the system allows two 'onus of Uniting records together, if the roo; file is called the parent, then

the two types arn sons and daughters The difference is impor- tant: the first is merely a subset of the parent, while the ftnoond is more of a record in its own right

Getting in

InioScnpt loads ui the usual manner, first asking lor the date and then displaying a mam menu. The options from here are as fol- lows:

Load/Save lets you load in and save data files, all of winch are automatically prefixed with the '&' symbol to differentiate them fromBranlVord files.

Ed it /New/Reuse: various commands to jet yon change the data. The iasl named clears out data but leaves a shell for you to use,

Variation: for creating different field formats. Subsequent records use the new formait until it. is changed again. Each prompt can he a maximum of eight characters, and the total space for each template is 160 characters. Wot a great deal, but sufficient for most uses.

Clear file. Kill record, Find phrase. Gel record und Print speak for themselves.

Extra bits

It is unfortunate, with so many programs around - and especially with sen on s soft- ware - that optional extras cost more and must he pur- chased separately, Not so with inloscript: also included are BrunWord 6U8 and its attendant spell checker. BiwiSpcil.

These were fully reviewed in AA22 Here though is a brief rundown of Just what it's like to use them

When you load BrunWord1 you are taken to the front end of the program, rather than being dumped straight into h This menu is In 40 column mode 1, hut the word -pro- cessing is dene under mode 2

that is. across 80 columns. All the features necessary are there, such as roaJ insert or overwrite, word count, cut and paste etc.

There are also some extra ones, including true onscreen

iep;ese:itatioii3 of superscript and subscript, useful (or chemical equations and the like; paragraph definable margins; multiple file print- ing, and full justification

Richard Menteiro. A A technical editor at the time and all round wizzc- boffin had this to say ahont it: "Mot only does it outperform many word -processors on the mar* ket, but it's friendly and last". That's just as true today

The spelt checker is also very good, with 30.000 words built in and loom for some 5,000 more. This is memory resident when you use BrunWord on its own. BrunSpetf is also pretty fast and offers a list of possible words when it comes across a word it doesnt recognise

The only thing that lets the word-processor down is its fairly slow screen opera- tions. The find/ieplace and justification are fairly fast, but Pretext is faster for cursor operations and scrolling.

REVIEW

Best of enemies

Last issue AA reviewed Protest Office/ Pretext Filar, a product very similar to Info-Scnpt. (The only difference between File' and Office is the letter's invoice pr^ttUtiu cup ability., I

Choosing between; Amor and Brunning's offerings 13 not easy. Their intended purpose is the same - a word- processor based database, doth incorpo- rate similar facilities for invoices and linked records.

into Serial is much faster than Office, because it stores data and programs in :ne extra memory As a consequence of that it is only usable on 128k RAM machines.

Office, on the other hand, is a disk based program It doesn't seed 128K of

memory, but as a direct consequence it is stow m its slart-up procedure, amongst others, lis iormatiing and stora- gcrctricval capabilities, however, are similar so those of iis rival

info Script gets you started without too much fuss, indeed the program itself is a little easier to use than Office. It must be said, however, that its manual lacks the resolution necessary to get you into Subjects such as c ha no; 1:1^ the invoice style and data merging. Furthermore, like all too many o: Its kind re is not a master- piece of western Liter at una, and lacks an index.

On the whole I would ruixjmmend Info-Scripl over Office, unless the poten- tial buyer already owns Pretext. ProMerge and - if a spelling checker enters the equation - ProSpeil Quite sim-

ply. Info-Scnpt represents the better sys- tem Bran Wand is aot as good a word-pro- cessor as Pretext, but Jnfo-Scrjpi ss a bet- ter all around package than Office.

Directory gives an overview of all the records in chjc database at the same time (rather than a disK catalog}

Quick list or Sort piuduces a selection according ta Markers set

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£2 *jil«i Strw 5 Clam ftt/CTue ? Sprtrw Roid IS tens Lan* Hif 9;sc House

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The directory- 4 lesier rneihod or checking records

Unravel gives a Quick list in alphabetical, numerical or chrono logical order.

Multi-merge is one of the most powerful options Many people are familiar with the conventional mail-merge facilities to store names and actresses, and send the sanie form -ewer out to hun* diedsf. of different pecple, Into -Scripts Multi -Merge is a complex feature that allows tbe crt-iiLu:ti of whole composite letters made up from many different records.

The different markers used in BcunWoid documents refer to different fields within the info Script data file. This means that, (or example, placing the maikei tA within flic document will cause the printer routine to print the address field Similarly *f inserts the forename

Some of these markers refer to operations such as justification and insert or overwrite modes, while others refer to arithmetical addition and VAT calculations for invoices These items pack the punch beliiud Info-Script's power, and they art* fairly easy to understand..

For those who want to see just wnat goes into a data merge, there is a single step option available 10 save wasted r.ime {and of course printer paper)

Talking of printer paper irifo-Scrjpt allows the user to change the printer (if Epson compatible) to cither 80 96 or 127 column mode, equivalent to Pica, Elite and condensed fonts.

PROTEXT OFFICE

PROTEXT FILER

„mic .-Air**

Brunning's targets

It is no harsh criticism of Tnfa*Sctipt to observe that thig program IS not oi much use to m&ny users. Its powe: ..'; sur- that it really needs a meaty application to work en such %s a mailing list, large club or customcr&'suppLcrs lor a business. The key fact when deciding whether it's suitable for youi problem is that it can han- dle standard 1,000 records on n 128k and 3,000 on a 256K machine

If your needs are above this magnitude Chen it is likely that you arc better served considering a conventional database - and in all likelihood on a (Liferent machine. On a OPC info-Script really

Suppl 1 ex*	BZ Wholesale
Forenawe
Contact .
Street. . ,	1?8 liain	Road
T own ....	Coventry
County . .
Code . . . .	CUS 7HJ
>h ink . . . Act i QTt , , *Orderl ,	564338			-	00
oii> 12,3	,88
M6128	£34 . 75	H5QO	939
tOrder2 .	CF-2	2,34	117Q	QG
♦Order 3,	FD-1	78 ,23	*2	156	44
+Oirde-r4 -	JV-2	1X.7Q	*4	46	SO
tOrdwS.	MP-£	23 .44	*1	23	44
+OrderG,	DM P 2 GOG	124.43	*2	248	86
♦Order? .	RSE32	46- ae	*3	140	.76
♦Order B.
+Order 3 , fiTotal . .					\|jr,\|
2725 , 30	IV L ti HlB*^"	H» «k K	^^Eh'^H
f -i^»;™	KB fLl 4
Trtf n- Snip	' »t. 1	rt^nflf *>
• Herp'si an ink	• Script reco'd

is die p:ck oi the bunch as far as nn integrated database..' word- processor goes due to its; versatility and price. One final point; the package would have been better served by a little more 'man- ual labour'.

G 0 O 0 NEWS	BAD NEWS
■ Really gets some perfor-	■ 256K expansion needed 10
mance from a 256k machine.	handle records over 1,000.
■ Well set up and easy to get	■ Manual is cloudy, espe-
into.	cially on more advanced
■ Changes in layout and con-	features.
tent possible onco the pro-
gram is mastered.

AMSTRAD ACTION

info-Script

Designed for the Small Business

A fast and friendly database integrated with a powerful word processor & spelling checker

"• FAST FRIENDLY DATABASE PROGRAMME •"

" Very last, programmes & data am mamory resident " Very tow to use, w fiey definitions needed

* Alphabelfcal, r.uiT-aricaJ, date sorting en 'ev^rse

* Son on ary field' with no delay [naming mows)

* Unique marker system splits sing> Nfe into 4

■ ReI aii anal records. Parents, Sons & Daughters " Conditional texitaading from disc o* memory

* Conditional printing, intelligent addressing

' Address and letter patterns aLtomaiicaJly loaded ' Arithnecica) functions tor invoices aod totals " Sesrch routines for speeded field or any fiaid

* 1000 names and addresses {standard CPC612S)

* 3000 names artd addresses with 2S6k merxny " Supplied with examples and presel pa«e/ns

"* SUPERB WORD PROCESSOR PROGRAMME "•

* Memory resident with the database

**■ LIGHTNING SPEED SPELL CHECK PROGRAMME ***

'Easily loaded who? needed

* Memory resident with extra memory

Allthr** Pregramrnis togriharon 3in Disc £46.00

CPCbl2B of CPC464 with Dk' Irani ca mrtrnory expansion

[Pn'ca incudes a rack jp copy and Disc Extension)

Send -cfieque/postal ordetfaocess ntrnoer to:-

Brunning Software

34 Helston Road, _

Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 5JF E3 .Telephone (0245) 252854 (24 Hours)

BrunUJord

"BfonWoro offers considerable flexibility .. Gxceilen! spelling checker ... very easy to use datable" - CWTA "BrunWord is a very competent programme* - AMTIX "Real value lor money ... user friendly and fast" - Amstrad Action

"* SUPERB WORD PROCESSOR PROGRAMME *"

" Amazingly last response. 100% machine code " Balanced judication, unbeaten tent appearance " Fdl primer lefitures, 3 and 10 pa^i emtwdded codas " Displays ?je pt nl torTal

rt* LIGHTNING SPEED SPELL CHECK PROGRAMME " 30.000 word English dictionary, A ulonakc correction " Checks 25Q0 wurds per minute Instant too* uo (CPCGi ffl;

*** INTELLIGENT DATAFILE PROGRAMME *"

** Alphabetical, numerical or dais $gr1mr_>

" tntelligert mail merge, .ntehigent label printing

All throe Programmes together on 3in Disc £25.00 For C PC 46 4. CPC664 or CPCS128 - State which machine

(ask 'tor cvrtree booklet)

7 Days Free Trial

Our tree trial is a great success) Ring us 9am to 7pm and we wtl send yu,j Rn.nWrj'd 6128 or 464 |0iscj lor 7 days tree Ural

Disc Extension

Fo'mal disc, Edit Oir. Copy Disc'L>iSC Archive disc alt within BrunWord Disc - £7.50 (Nwd9 BrunWord S'No FH Fi FH nr J"l)

Send cheque/postal wd*r/acce&s number to:

Brunning Software

34 Helston Road, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 5JF Telephone (0245) 252854 (24 Hours)

Origialrf, Intd-Swipt was intf^flW 14 be a Separate programme by. with coi^ideratbn to the many mm or #ppf*»«l»n Ircri BrvnWona utcn, *• realised Ihal 1hfl sing* disc DOncspt S vsry mpoflam. Wa have aba had a large n unifier or eammintrj corfipiirrinting tha 1riandlHi*ss of DalaTil* tBn,nWonJ package).

Wo-Script Has been wrlton to rotam the easy style of Oats File but It a powerful dalafees« fully >ct$gr«l»4 ins B.'unwsrd, so Dial both programmes can be pnessrt in the nwTioiy «: lha lame 1™. At is sinpisst. Inlo-Scijpi c.

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BAR CPM

CPM

A history lesson from Richard Monteiro, and heaps of contacts for PD software

CPM: Us acronym has several possible translations, but the most useri and moat plausible is Control Program for Micro -compuLera. The operating system grew out of the need for sonic form of Stan dardisatiori. The early 1970s saw the dawn of the personal com- puter age. There were ton many machines, with more appearing all the time, and no easy way for them to communicate with exist- ing hardware or software. Then came CPM.

Before CPM's arrival a computer user would have to write a program - or steal another user's routine - to do mundane tasks (taken loi yiunUxl on today's operat- ing systems) Gary Kildall radically changed this. His program, or operating sys- tem, worked on any G-bii computer assuming the machine had t6K of memory and contained an 6080 3085 or Z80 (like the CPC) proces flor.

The success of CPM Gurry Kildaii -crtuiiorot cpm was immediate and imm-

Where to go...

...for public domain software:

■ Advantage » 0242 224340 West One House, St Georges Rd, Cheltenham. GL50 3DT

■ CPM User Group

72 Mill Road, Hawley. Bart-lord. Ken:, DA2 7TIZ

■ PD Software t? :;ig g 26 63296

Wiiiscombe House, Beacon Road. Crowborough, East Sussex. TN6 1UL

■ Triple Zero Services

23 Broad Lane, Essington, Mr Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. WV11 2RG

■ PD -SIG

90 Brayboume Close, Oxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 iUJ

Most of these publish a newsletter and have vast soft ware libraries ■■ not all will be of interest. There is usually a subscription and copying fee for each disk. Do remember to enclose a SAB when enquiring

User clubs are also a good place for getting ptiblin

domain Wadi {0895 52430) in particular have a selection of disks crammed with stufi. Well worth checking.

The flatted Amstrad User Group offer (res PD software to club members- Free PD software - but surely it's free anyway? Well yet it is, but most libraries charge a han- ding fee.

To enroie as an UAUG member send £6 lo 1 Magnolia Close, Fareham, Hants, PG14 IPX. Fur Lhis you get a bi-monthly maga- zine and access to 2 megabytes of PD software, Enquiries as 0323 2B1324.

Before you order disks and disks full of PD software you might like to try getting your hands on The Free Software Handbook. This book pub- lished by PeopleTalk Asso- ciates covers the best public domain software available. See the box elsewhere on this page for further details.

We continue to update this list, so if you know of any worthwhile libraries, bulletin boards, or user clubs do get in much

ense: it could be adapted to other micros quickly and easily, computer manufactur- ers didn't have to re -invent the wheel, and - at the lime - it was the only oper ating system available that could control floppy drives.

Pioneer buyers of CPM were hobby- ists, the type of bearded boffin heavily into homebrew hardware. As chances of any two systems being alike were remote, CPM was the firm favourite ul the buff as few modifications were required to get the operating system running.

Intcrgalactic Digital Research {Inter-galactic was eventually dropped when a company called Digital Research went bust) was formed by Kildall in 1976 as the success of CPM grew. By the late 1970 s over 900 firms were using the system. Today Kildall estimates that over 200 million copies exist. And over 300 computers make use of CPM (one of which, in case you didn t know already, is Amstrad's

CPC).

An interesting atuiy am rounds MS-DOS (the [EM PC operating system equivalent to CPM). fn 1981 IBM decided lo enter the per- sonal computer market, but it needed an operating system. For seine bizarre reason IBM thought Ihul CPM was owned by Microsoft, rather than DR. Consequently IBM approached Microsoft to write a version of CPM for their forthcoming 16 bit PCs. Naturally Microsoft couldn't sell such an operating system; rather than lose out on a lucrative business deal Microsoft came up with an alternative. MS-DOS.

When Kildall tinkered with the PC DOS ffBM's name for the MS-DOS hvs vmVi. ~:iv. -urned a little green. The command structure and layout was so obviously ripped off from bis system. He con- fronted IBM on this and was assured thai IBM didn't realise the operating system was so close to CPM Nobody takes IBM to conn ii they waul to slay ui business. Kildall is still in business.

Today Kildall runs his own company. KnowledgeSet - be may be working at the cutting -edge of technology, but putting a capi- tal letter mid word is old hat looking at methods of using optical disks ! laser disks and compact disks) for Storing computer data

Free software - to you, £40

The Free Software Handbook, a compendium of public domain software for CPM- based computers, published by Peopletalk, is difficult to get hold of. Reason number one is it's an American publi- cation And two, we've been printing its ISSN (It's Such a Stupid System). We've discov- ered a UK supplier which

Should make tilings easier. DavTS/Rubm, 0386 8b3610. distribute trie Free Software HamiboQlt with ISBN number 0-915907-07-0.

Unfortunately the price is an outrageous £39.95. There is ;.n st no way is it worth that much: the US price is S17.9S (the cost of a game on disk, roughly £14.95)-

AMSTRAD ACTiON

BEGfNNERS

Our series taking you from complete ignorance to complete mastery of Basic

The story so far...

Anywhere thai you can use a num- ber as an operand - the 2 in msoe 2 for example - yon can use a variable instead.

A variable is a letter or word which represents a number. You set the value of variable - the number Which it represents, in other words with an assignment command. For example. a~2 assigns the value 2 to the variable a From then on, you can use the letter a to mean the number 2. Thus a=2:M0OE a tells Arnold to change to mode 2.

TO change the meaning of a com mund yuu allot the value ol a vari- able. It you type a«l:MCC£ a:*-2: mdOE 3 the first pair of statement mean ikde i because a has a value of 1, and the second pair mean MODE 2 because & now hag a value of 2.

With loops you can perforin the samo command several times. Using loops and variables Lo(jftth.ei you can makfs the same command do several different things, one after the other.

Now read on...

We rounded oil last tune with a program that used the new eomitiOiidj FOB and NEXT. We saw there that these wrcro powerful commands, but we didn't see

[jit.'waely what they did. We'Te going to find that out right now - with a little help from one of the Oral cornmanda you

learner)

Printing variables

Right back in Absolute Begiimsis Part 1 we saw how print coulc be used Lo dia play teal on screen. In fact, print can do a lot more than that. Try typing in l! J use immediate com mauds; tt-593 PRTNT "A" PRINT a

You should find Hint the first print produces the letter a while the second produces the number 5*3 - the value ol the variable a. The difference between the two is just a matter ol punctuation.

Tlw fichi has quotation marks that tell the computer that a is a piecf* of text to he

printed.

The second, mi the other hand, has no quotation marks Because Of this, your Amsr.rarl assumes you're trying to PRINT the value of the variable a. You previous- ly assigned the value of 593 to a SO that 'S what your CPC displays on screen.

FOR NEXT LOOPS

That may liave seemed a bit of a rii ver- sion but, hftlieve me. st was necessary print is vital to monitoring what hap- pens to the value of a variable, and we'll need lo do a lair bit o: pri wring to under stand the for and hext commands.

Letfs start off with a simple program whjch | List prints a message repftaiedly: 10 FOR a = 1 TO 5 20 PRIM? "liiw 20" 30 NEXT a

Linus 10 and 30 together make the computer perform the print command in line 20 :sul once but five times, run the program to see this for yourself. Then udd to it by typing in the new lines so that 11 looks iLkc this : 5 PRINT "line 5" 10 FOR a * 1 TO 5 15 PRTNT "Line 15" 20 PRINT "Lina 20" 25 PRINT "Line 2S" 30 NEXT a 35 PRINT "Llns 35"

Now arjs this, you snoufd hnd you get a series of messages, each of them refer ting to the line thai prints; it, Thus if

you get the message line 25 on tha screen you know your machine has lust (joifoimed the command in line ?I> In practice xho CPC does this son of thing very fast, so you won't have time to think about each line as It pops up on the screen. Thai doesn't really matter. We are interested in the ordwr the lines are per- formed in, and the number of times thuy are repealed

Okay you've got a whule series of message^ on the screen. Let's take a look first ol all at which messages crop up more than once. You should have only one lina 5 message and similarly only one Lin* 3S The middle three, however, each occur five times. They Ye not just in

any old ordur, either Tticy come in five groups <ri three, each one oitc this:

Line 15

Line 20 Line 25

Thai is, tbey'ro in numeric! order wuir.n these croups, Can you see yet what, for and next are doing here?

Look back to the listing and notice that the repeated lines are the ones between the for command in hue 10 and the hext command in line 30. The com- bined effect of the for and the next is to make your Amstrad repeatedly run through the lines in between them.

As you may remember from the last tone, ".his repetition is ceiled looping. The for and next commands and the lines between them form whats caUcd a loop - that \s, a bit of the program wmch gets repeated. For obvious hjuboiis Ulia kind of loop is usually called a FQR-NEXT Loop, and it .,■> used almost incessantly by Basic programmers.

Entropy

Storage areas are called variables for the simple reason that they vary. This in miportant. You can assign and re iiKSigii iliern, constantly changing their values while running them through changing processes.

Without variables computars would hr* so :im;ted they could do little more a piece of paper and a pen. Variables, storage, comparative decision making, input and output - without these your Amstrad would not he a computer.

It's all very well me showing you how FOR and next can make a part of your pro- gram repeat itself, but you also need to know what controls the number of times it repeats.

Scrap the old program using new and type rhls one in :ts place; 10 CLS

20 FOR A=l to 10 30 PRINT 'HELLO' 40 NEXT A

When you run this you get the word

Hebe appearmg on your screen ten times. Clearly linrr 30 \a repeated tan times, so that's the number of times your CPC goes through the loop Change line 20 to read

20 FOR A=l TO 5

Now yon should get the message five times. To get a further insight into the way these commands operate try run ntng tire program again with line 20 as follows: 30 FOR A-2 TO 5

Next month we take a farther look Mto the uses and petent/ai of FOR NEXT loops.

AMSTRAD ACTION

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09 row alraaaty ««n a ptxnpulir II an. wtirtfi Orta dil yno Oarfi?

Writers write, taxi drivers drive taxis, typists type. And hackers hack. But what does 'hack' mean? Pat McDonald shines a light on a world shrouded in ignorance.

I £aekers wear dark glasses and black suits and break into comput- er systems to steal money. Everyone knows that. Ttiis may be an exaggeration of the common view of the hacker - a symbol of power in a technical age - but the image is of such, people as lone teenage boffin vandals.

Hackers have only themselves to blame - those interviews where a human silhouette offers pronouncements laced with jar- gon to an interrogator who doesnt understand a word. The alleged reason Cot this dramatisation is that hacking it a criminal activity. In fact there js no legislation covering hacking at all.

But surely hackers can be prosecuted under existing laws relating to copyright or intellectual property rights? Legal experts, as is their wont, have equivocated and disagreed, No legal prece- dent was established until the Lords gave judgment on one or two minor points.

System architecture

No, not a monologue on Corbus- ier (That's enough architecture jokes - ed.). The hardware re- quirements and layout of a sys- tem are known as its architee- ture. This can determine just how much hacking activity is directed at any one type of computer. For instance some business systems have chips which encode information within the machine, making hacking, to put ft mildly, rath er more difficult.

At the other end of the scale it is vital to have the power switch in a convenient location. If If s hi an obscure position you probably won't bother with it, ti sing a soft reset instead.

So? So the Amiga computer took this approach, and as the architecture dictated a lot of disk swapping (regrettably), it

was only a matter of time before hackers struck. Viruses appeared which copied them- selves into the machine, and then onto any fresh disks that were inserted. After a pre- determined time, they crashed the machine - very nasty.

Such behaviour has not helped hackers gain a respectable name, of course. But hear in mind that such pro- grams depend od soft targets. Had the manufacturers altered the design, rendering It more secure from damaging pro- gramming, the problem would have been reduced, if not elimi- nated.

The CPC doesn't suffer such problems, fortunately, though 1 daresay the point wasn't very high on Amstiad's design crite- ria.

The only law that can be enforced with any certainty, believe it or not, is theft of electricity, a link is made to a target computer: the computer needs more electricity from the mains. It's rather an underhand way of attempting to stamp out hacking - like prose- cuting someone for criminal damage when a window is broken in the course of a bank haul - but it's a start, (This is not as bizarre as it seems: time and again the law has Jailed to take account of computers: it transpired, for instance, that computer games are not covered by the Video Recordings Act IS 84.)

The truth

It's for reasons such as this that a whole hacking mythology has grown up. But what is the truth? Hackers have two real aims. One is the exploration of computer systems, Not that they're interest- ed in hardware (the physical contents) or software (programs). but in the way both interact with interna! data. Of lesser interest, but still covered by the term, is the exploitation oi computers by individuals for their own purposes.

The motive should be familiar to most computer enthusiasts. Remember the first time you saw a computer in operation^ Didnt you yearn to pie y about with it, to see what you could make it do? Hackers have that same urge but to a much greater degree. To them computers represent new territory to map. Each time a man- ufacturer incorporates something novel or a programmer produces a new protection program, the hackers smile, sit down and. pro- ceed with their pastime.

The happy hacker

Hackers, then, uncover information from within the innards of computers in whatever ways they can find to do so. Some spe- cialise in disk and tape protection systems, others are interested m program alteration and improvements, and others again are just eager to learn a particular technique or language unavailable to them,

The image that really captures the public imagination is the telephone hacker. These people use a conventional phone line, the hardware to connect it to their computer (a modem and per- haps an RS232 interface) and some software to control it,

Dialling computers with this equipment they hack remotely. For some reason this appears more glamorous to many people: in reality it is much more limited Physical access to a computer means that the protection can be attacked from different angles, while modem hackers- are limited to a machine's serial ports.

Of course, the increased difficulty simply makes the challenge more tempting and the victory greater. Hackers have only one real outstanding virtue - determination, Or if you see it as a vice - stubbomess.

Hacking tools

Youi fingers. Gary is consis- tently amazed at how people find cheats for games by typ- ing obscure combinations on the keyboard, Often these have been put in by a pro- grammer to test out a game, and left there by oversight. A variation Is to type in a key- word to the highscore table. This often generates strange effects,, not always beneficial. A protection buster (£10-15). Goldmark Systems produced a good deal of software to get around various protection for- mats. The argument against such programs is that people who use them are potential pirates. Furthermore pokes discovered with them can't be transferred easily to other versions, Nevertheless they are useful to the beginner. A hardware imager (£40-&0J- There are now a few different devices on the market. (The one with the highest backup specification is Romantic

Robot's AfuJfj face ff+J. These devices break into programs at the touch of a button. Once in it is a relatively simple task to come up with a poke. Knowledge ot machine code. There is no substitute for an understanding of how the machine works, A disassembler (£3.0+- 1. This is a program for taking raw machine code and displaying it in assembly language form fur easier understanding. Machine code Reference books. See this month's book reviews.

The Hacker's Handbook IU, by Hugo Cornwall (ISBN-0-712&- 1147-9), published by Century Hutchinson Ltd at E6.9S: for anyone who wants to learn more- Although not CPC spe- cific it nonetheless contains & good, selection of anecdotes and advice,

And last but by no means least, a tutorial book to get you started.

AMSTRAO ACTION

The Phil Howard connection

Remember 'Chest Made Champ', FbJJ Howard, whose contribu- tions filled the entire real me in AA33? Well, who better to ask about the activities of a hacker?

'I'm only interested in going through code and finding out how it works.

The kids like playing games, but I'm no fan,'

Phil's married with kids and works in a textile factory as a shift dyer. He's 36 years old and doesn't wear dark sunglasses - so much for the popular image of the lone teenage hacker! When did you start program- ming?

My first computer was a ZX81. I suppose quite a number of people started computing with that. Starting off with Basic. I gradually got Into machine code. That was about seven years ago.' When did you hist break a pro - lection system?

'[ bought the CPC464 when it first came out. That must be

about four years ago now.

Anyway, when T was playing

around with it ( discovered now

to crack open Basic protected

programs. It all started there,

really1

How stout your Href cheat?

'My tint, that's difficult to answer... In the old days of course, there was no protection on games, or at least nothing I couldn't handle. The one that Stands Out was when a friend wanted a poke for Jet- Set Wiily That was my first contact with the Speedlock protection system. i had to go through that first, which was more of a challenge.1 And afterwards?

'[ gave him the poked game hack. That must have been about two years ago now, I'm only interested in going through code and finding out how it works. The kids like playing, but I'm no fan1

is there any protection system that you can't crack?

'Gremlin Graphics is giving ma a lot of trouble. Recently I've not spent much time on my hobby, but even so it is fairly tough, I reckon Til do it eventual-

HACKING

ly if I just ait down and try for a week, maybe a month,1 What equipment do you use?

'My 4&4 and Devpac. Devpac is probably way out of date bow, but I'm used to it. A friend comes round with his disk drive if I need it. and I'm thinking about buying a 6128.' You mean to say you don't have any other gadgets to help you?

The only way to learn

advanced machine code Is

by delving into est! sling

products,'

mat for? Oh. I have lots of different programs. But 1 wrote them all myself, for the different protection routines, Some of the

early ones, well. I can't remem- ber how they work any more. These are not saleable. They're user unfriendly and have little quirks. But I can use them, bo they're good enough for me1 And just why do you crack games?

Tor education. I want to know just how things work. My own personal feeling is that soft- ware houses, by protecting games, arc slowing down soft- ware development, 14 and 15 year olds can't learn techniques from books. The Only way to learn advanced machine code is by delving into existing prod- ucta,

At the moment every pro- grammer does things differently. There are a hundred ways to write a program, and I think there should be some sort of apprenticeship for new program- mers, ft that happened, then 1 believe that the industry capaci- ty for producing software would leap.' Is your nobby i u crati ve?

(Laughs) 'Well. I get free games from Cheat Mode.' That's all. Apart from a great deal of satisfaction it's not lucrative at all.'

Hack the CPC

How much hacking occurs which is Amstrad orientated? I firmly believe that the most popular form of hacking on the CPC is Cheat Mode. Pokes for games are not only useful butr in hacking terms, easy to find.

The problem with this occupation is that generally some kind of protection must be beaten somehow to get at the code. Bather than do it themselves, some people use a hardware or software tool to do the job.

Do it yourself

Back in AA30 Type-Ins featured a program by Martin Schroeder

called Hacker. The interest and enquiries; it generated prove that -omp'jier users of all types are fascinated by the subject, and would dearly like to become involved in some way. Here, then, is an extended guide to using Schroeder's Hacker

It is important to understand right £tway, however, that the program does not remove any protection from a game. All it does is find infinite hves for games. So first you must remove a game's protection - indeed. Elite don't bother to put it on anymore, so then games are a good starting point

Run Hacker and load the main code for the game. Hacker should come up with one or two pokes: make a note of these

Now the tricky hit You may well have to do some program- ming here. Your program has to do the following: first, load m the Scam game code.

Next, put in the poke. Then use a call statement to run the game.

An example:

10 OPENDUT 'D* :WMCRY 799;OJ05ECCT

' This line lower* memory to make way for code.

30 WK> ' maincoda ' , LLLL

4Q ' Use the filename fox the gai» coda. LLLL should be

50 ' set ho and the correct loading address

60 POKE HHHHBB

~IQ ' this poke should be the same as one cf Hacker's, Test

80 ' «ach different variation that it oases up with.

90 CALL RRRR

100 ' RRRR should be set to the run axkjnas of ths garae.

110 * Examine the original loader on the game tape

120 ' which should eotrtaiA it.

Of course there are those who will object that using a program such as Hacker to do the work for you is not really hacking at all.

In a sense they are quite right, for the real joy of hacking conies when you discover things for yourself.

But using Martin Schroeder's program may persuade the at least some inexperienced com- puter users that it is quite possible to produce gen- uine original pokes of your own without being a pro- fessionai-

Who knows, this oould be the start of something big...

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Anxious about assembler? Horrified by hexadecimal?

Perplexed, perhaps, by low and high byte?

Richard Monteiro helps out the novice

machine code programmer.

Uy now you should be reasonably cunh dam of changing between r.exadeeimaJ and decimal Oases, PEEKiny and POKEtng and manipulating memory II you're still a little hany refer bac-t toeaj]< ei instalments of the se::es for a bir nf revision

StUl with, ui? Right your first byte at appetising assemble} will Im wokod up very shortly {get on wtitt tl txtjf, In the interlude, howevei ;t is best to recap on the 780 mi^ro processor and how it dcu-s wilh iiiaiiLciions or commands

lostiuaiona which the processor leceivtra from memory yes, mach no • ode is stored iti memory lust like BastC programs tell the ZBfl to perform certain actions These actions can only be per- Jornied on memory nr ihe processors inter jiai rentatais (last on hoar i; MM if you liKe) Typical commands might nil: in; the ptocassoi lo add one nurahai to another, place j value in a memory location loineve a value tioiii a memory location, jump to a particular area or menviTy or logical AND a number wilh another

Thsy sound like operations that can

be performer! in Basic' You're light, thuy can In fact there are very few assemble! instructions Wiai ran t be imitated from Baaiu So why bother with assembler? In a word, spetd Machine code programs can run anything from ti lew ::mes taster to hundreds or times Eaatei than the Basic equivalent Muku LhaL two words, speed find ftex bility Any pan of the computet is accessible from machine code Sorry make that three words

The processor has several eight bit ley tatters (or Stores that can frbkl any value up to 255] Thtytjarocalletd for no particular reason A. B, C l>. K. H, L There are others but "icy have spe- cialised tasks rind rire thenfiote best left alone ai presunt The main group of reg istura, or gonora. purpose registers, are the ones you use 11:05 i often to stare numbers and perform arithmetic and

Snme of the registers can be paired to create 16-bit registers These paired reg iatdtt - DC. DE, UL - can be used for storing values up to fiR535 (or FPFF in LiejtV The advantage of mis may not be immediately obvwus, but if you retnem

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bet in an carlie: issue we explained thai each memory location has a number assigned to it (analogous to houses in a sneer) starting from aero and increment uig by one As the CPC has 64k (64x1024 byte&l of RAM. memory locations number 0 to 6663b By using a ]fi -bn registei tt is possible to address the spectrum of memoiy kjcatiuns.

Intermediate bytes

From Basic, bow would you go about assigning a value io a variable'' Simply by entering the command LET A«8 (LET is archaic and not stitclly necessary but serves to show the similarity between assembler and Basic syntax) The same is possible from assembler: LD A. 8 The term LD can be rhcn.ght ol as a glorified LET command it's actually short for

LOAD

Translated, lira line ld A.fi mean* LOAD the A register with ihe vdlue of eight. LET the A legists ixjual eight or place the vaine eight in the A regimer Each is correcr Choose a translation that is easiest For you to remember Note that you can't tjrpe LD A.8 at the Dasic prompt' you get a Syntax error if you try i you need, eventually, is on ossein nii.'j l'Oi now though, iry to team as much ul Hie synta* as possible In forth cuiLtng months we going to racortuns&d assemblers - ana maybe tven prjit one in Type-Ins in ibe moantime, though, keep absorbing fho infonnat:on

The A in the expression LD A. 8 can be exchanged for any other general purpose register ( eight bit or 16-bii) The. same is true for true number, which can be changed to another value The following ir til acceptable.

IX' C, 23 LD H,0 LD E. 201

LD BC.6 LD HI. 175 LDDK.94

Try to wfjrk out wIulIl ui the following are acceptable which mo not and why 'V I wen riex* month

to A, 34 LO D.267 LD S.43

LD BC,2523 LD D£, 76553 LD HL. 7

Hackers is on holiday

ABCDEFGHIJ

ihe general purpose mght bn rey ihimh

J two cighl till rwiiHturs hack lo back make one 16 bil r&gifi Ler

tha stack pointer holds Hie Dicmoiy addrctKI uwd fur sLufaije

1 can't he used to store numbers Instead it hatdN tha results of hags that arc eftlltf J»el or [eseL depending on circumslaacea, such us a ri i vision by zero, u curry or an over Haw

a ponuer in memory thai tells the eomputar where th« next machine code instruction is to be letchad fmin

the alternative legt^lsr aeiiued by CK; operating system

mdoH rftytslRrs sat provide indexing lacilities

ftoWa the miorrupi mode employed

Iparr of the hiirdwarff, in an operatiaii iranspori to you. the central processing unit puis flui * mgiinl in refteab the dynamic memory chips. Used only as a random numhai- gaiwator and a ptot«iioi) iysieni

lircunuiliiEur the most used and moat flexible regiator

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HELPLINE

m /PL a (Mm

Where eager Arnstrad experts offer assistance

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M2S9AL

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Piugiamming in basic {mostly uiiliiies;. Ftoteit. Tooikit iBeebtasof 1 1 DM7 2000 Utopia PriEf.nasBr. tstjgs 15p fdrsftj w 30p i.MO' Anwort iK.ima), tape only

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Ftwiijiy helpful? Just a&nd youir name, address, phone numbftr (Kay ii you don't wdnt it printed) and subject* on which you're offering help tdi fcfofpirnev Amatiad Action, 4 Queen Street, Bath, BA1 1EJ. Write on a postcataVhack of a stuck down envelope and hasp it short or you won't get in (or you'll get cut to loadsarjameB j.

II yop want help contact the appropri-

ate Helpline; - not us. By post Include a seHafJajressed, stamped envelope for the reply - or you won't gel one. And phone only in decent hours!

Piracy is not welcome: dont try it, you'll get booted off. Keep it legal, And if you receive SAE's, for heaven's sake return them with some acknowledge- ment. 11 you want to come elf Helpline wtriiQ and say so.

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