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JOURNAL OF BOTANY BRITISH AND FOREIGN,

Edited by

JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,

ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES AND WOODCUTS.

LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN.

1884.

Directions to Binder.

PORTRAIT ‘ ; to face title. Tas. 242 : - : ; : . to face page 1 Sans. 948, 944 ayy er » 88 » 245, 246 : 5 3 : : Pid Tas. 247 ee es | » 248 d é . . . 9 225 Tass. 249—25 = ‘ : : a alee

Or Tas. 242—252 in numerical order at end of volume.

THE

JOURNAL OF BOTANY,

BRITISH AND FOREIGN.

NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACEZ FOR 1883. By Henry & James GROVEs.

(Tas. 242.)

“THe ae following notes, collected ow the past year, are in con- tinuation of our paper in Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 20, and previous

C. fragilis, from Perth ; C. vulgaris var. melanopyrena, from wall; and Tolypella prolifera, from Lincoln.

We have to thank our correspondents for the large number of specimens we have received, and especially Mr. Arthur Bennett for many specimens which he has transmitted to us from other botanists, besides those collected by himself.

oo still remains to be done, in working out the comital dis- tribut from many counties we have only received one or two specs, and from the following we are still without a single rec

"Bohias set §., Wilts N., Gloster E., _Monmouth, Worcester,

Ebudes M. 8S. & N., Ross E. & W., Hebrides, Cork 8., Waterford, Tipperary N., Kilkenny, Carlow, Queen’ s Co., Wexfo rd; Kildare, Meath, Limerick, Clare, King’s Co., Longford, sdersomcatng Mayo K. , Monaghan, Armagh, a ny

"We shall be Sea alix ay of specimens, or even the loan of specimens, from these counties

Cuara Fraciuis, Desv. _Wilts B., 1888; HH: & J. G. spores 1888, J. G.; Suffolk W., 1882, LH. PF. Linton, comm. A. mett ; Norfolk E., 1888, H. G.; Fife, 1878, F’. Buchanan “On comm. A. Bennett; Elgin, 18838, J. Keith; Argyle, 1888, H. d J. G.; Fermanagh, R. M. Barrington ; Tipperary 8., 1872, Miss Grubb.

var. barbata.—Caithness, 1883, J. Grant, comm. A. Bennett.

var. capillacea. — Bucks, 1882, J. Saunders : Westmoreland,

JOURNAL OF Bova 22. ([Janvary, 1884.] B

2 NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACE® FoR 1883.

1865, W. P. Hiern; Perth M., 1883, R. Braithwaite; Perth E., — 1883, A. Sturrock. e. var. Hedwigit—Lincoln §., 1888, W. H. Beeby; Roxburgh, 1880, A. Brotherston; Perth E., 1888, A. Sturrock; Forfar, 1882,

G ruce, comm. A. Bennett.

wae. delicatula, igh M., 1888, a: Braithwaite ; Perth E.,.1883,

A, Sturrock; Argyle, ee HL, é J

var. Fourfocke: var. © Glen tem 2-8 feet high, very im- perfectly triplostichous. Spine: cells tubercular. Branchlets 1-3 in. © = with a stnarbes segments ecorticate. Bract-cells whorled.

nation of a series of asia may show characters on which to found a species. A form of C. fragilis var. Hedwigit occurs in the — - same loch, and, though sends like this plant in size, &e., it differs _ in the cortication of the stem, as well as in the presence of cortical — cells-in the branchlets. We understand from Mr. A. Bennett that — Prof. Nordstedt has proposed the name of C. fragilis var. gymno- phylla; but, in view of the complication of nomenclature spe

it best not to adopt such names for varieties which ear perma- nent, and have distinctive characters other than those implied by

C. aspera, Willd.—Norfolk E., Hickling Broad, 1883, H. G.; Li isein S., Deéapiig Fen, 1883, W. H. Beeby ; Lanes. S., South- : port, 1883, H. Searle, comm. A. Bennett ; York 8., near Bromfleet. 883, T. Birks, jun.; Perth E., Ardblair Loch, 1881, A. Sturrock, comm. 4. Bennett ; Caithness, Walter Loch, 1888, J. Grant, comm. z ioctl Fermanagh, Lough Erne, near Enniskillen, 1888, 8S.

t

var. subiner me -—Anglesea, Coron Lake, 1881, J. E. Griffith, © comm. 4. Bennett; Perth E., near Blairgowrie, nag A. Sturrock; — Orkney, Loch of ashy, 1882, W. Irvine Fortes |

var. lacustris—Galway W. , Roundstone, ek Woods (in Herb. Townsend).

C. potyacanrua, Braun.—Suffolk W., Thelnethiarn Fen, 1883, W. M. Hind, comm. A. Bennett ; Norfolk E., Roydon, 1883, F. Linton, comm. A. Bennett ; Yo rk 8.E., near Bromfleet, 1883, T. Birks ihe Soksodhagnt, Caldock Moor; 1888, F. R. Coles.

C. conrraria, Kuetz.—Devon N., Braunton bac ey, 1864, W. Yee Bion: Norfolk E., Rotaciog Broad; 1888 G.; Leitrim, Lough Allen, 1888, S. .4. Stewart (first record for Ireland \. |

C. mspra, L.—-Lincoln §., Deeping Fen, 1888, W. H. Beeby; Elgin, ar : ha 1883, J. Keith (a ber near var. rudis) ; ‘Suther- a W., 1881, Miller, comm. A. Ben ; Louth, Dunda dalk, 1883,

J. fr Star comm. J, Saunders ; Sligo, Coolgagh Lake, 1883; ~

var. rth E., near Blairgowrie, 1883, A. Sturrock 5 J Schima Leh Brodie, aiinabise, 1883, J. Keith.

NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACE® For 18838. 3

C. vunearis, L.— n N., 1883, W. P. Hiern; Somerset N., 1883, W. ‘B. Washi Yes. and Beds, 1883, J. Saunders: Hunts, 1888, a pane = A. Ben - Carnarvon, 1881, C. Bailey, comm. A. Ben mee 1882, JE. Griffith, comm. A. Ben- nett ; Lincoln s. Be owes H, Beeby ; Lanes. N., 1865, W. P. Hiern ; York S.E., rece T. Birks, jun. ; Cumbé rland, 188 83, WB, Waterfall ; Perth E., 1883, A. Sturrock ; Wicklow, 1866, Rk, M.

m. 4A. Benne S., 1883, W. H. Beeby; Derby, 1882, 7. B. Blow; Chester, 1875, FF. M. Webb; York 8.W., 1882, TI. Birks, jun. ; Perth E., 1888, A. Sturrock (a very small form) ; sa 1883, A, Stur rock ; Louth, 18838, J. F’. Crofts, comm. J. Sau var. papillata, —Dorset, 1878, "a dai (of Florence) ; Suffolk W., 1883, W. M. Hind, comm. A. Bennett ; Lincoln 8., 1888, W. H. eel var. atrovirens.—Forfar, 1882, G. C. Druce, comm. A. Bennett. var. melanopyrena. C. fetida, var. melanopyrena, Braun.——Corn E., near East Bridgerule, 1888, W. M. Rogers. This form is distinguished by its nucules having a black nucleus, instead of ae as in the type. Braun remarks that it is very rare. um, Gmelin, Flora Badensis Alsatica, vol. iv. (8S upp-) ase), " 646; Bischoff, Krypt. Gewachse (1828), p- 26, fig. 5 , Act. Sto ckh., 1852 (1854), p. 286; Nordst., Bot. Notis., 1688 p. 41; Crep., Flor. Belg. (1874), p. 556; Wahlst., Mon. af ee och Nong. Char. (1875), D. 24 ; Lega, lar de l'Ouest, ed. 8 )P + felis, Amici (non L.), Mem. Acad. di Modena, vol. i. (1827), p. 1

(as C Cortana, Bertoloni (Amici, /. c. p. 204 ?*), Fl. Ital., vol. x. 54), p

. corona fai Bischoff, Krypt. Gewachse (1828), p. 26, fig. 7. gee Ann, des Sci. Nat. (1834), p An Flor a, 1885, vol. i., P.

60; Consp. Char. Europ. oo * in Cohn’ s Keyyt Flor Schles. (1877), p. 403; Fragm. e Pk '. der Char. (1882), se 108; Kuetz., Sp. Alg. (1849), p. 520; Tab. Phye. = t. 48, f. 1

} 19.

P Nitella Braunii, Rab., Deutsch. Krypt. Flor. (1847), vol. ii., p. 197. Chara Stalii, Visiani, Flor. Dalm., vol. iii. (1852), p. 334. — Stalii, Meneghini, Att. del congr. di Giese ( fide un).

xs.—Braun, R. & S., 10, 64; Nordst. & Wahlst., 87; Lloyd, Alg. de l'Ouest de ee France, 413 ; Schultz, Herb. Norm., 600 ;

* Amici remarks :—“ Se si dovesse della mia Chara jlexilis formare una specie nuova si potrebbe, sequendo il parere del Chiarissimo Prof. Bertoloni, chiamarla — Chara

onore del nostro Ab. Corti.” Does this represent the publi- ae f A

cortiana in oatitis of 2 demtsiphan ot Chung Corte

4 NOTES in ein BRITISH CHARACE® FoR 1883. <email Erb. Critt. Ital., 604; Rabenhorst, 219, 279: Billot, 2995.

Stem moderately stout, much branched, without cortical cells. hab usually of 8-11 straight or slightly incurved branchlets.

ipulodes in a single circle, alternating with the br ike. io of 4-5 segments, the ultimate very short, scarcely exceeding the bract-cells. Bract-cells, at the ae nodes, 5-7, usually shorter than the nucules Nucules ingle or in pairs, black. 10-11 striate. Coronula short, slightly sokendinay. Nucleus

ack

the spas’ In a single cle. This section, although containing a large number of secon was not previously represented in this country. Our British plant is a rather large and slender form, with

the branchlets very little contracted at the nodes. Itis of a bright Nitella-like colour, with a black incrustation on the older parts. Our specimens are 4-8 in. long, but the larger, such as that from which our drawing is taken, apparently belong to a plant of from 12-18 in. high

Chara Braunii was discovered by Mr. Charles Bailey near Red- dish, South Lanes., in September last, in a canal in which the water

Braunii, also an inhabitant of eyo aving been a ace by the same means, although the distribution _ ‘the latter is such as to make its occurrence in this county proba

is is a Miva species, and forms of it ‘have been eee over a very wide range; in Europe it has been recorde from Spain, France, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Ger ge Austria, Italy, and Corsica ; in Africa, from many districts, reaching south to ee ak | in Asia, from Syria, India, Java, China,

a "Oo Rae oO a} _ SB » 6B iz & er ~ 9

has given an account of n ne forms in th lis for May, 1882; it has iis been collected in the aes idpe Islands. Braun adopted the name of C. coronata, quoting it, in ‘Characeen as,’ as of “* Ziz. ined. circa annum 1814 (sensu Litton mi)" the first publication of this name that we can find is in Bischof, ‘ Krypt. Gewachse,’ where “C. Braunii Gmel.” aud ‘C. coronata Ziz.” are given

‘ g ile in “ C. Braunii”’ _ are solitary. Under Braun’s first publication of the name (An . Sci. Nat.) we find “Ch. coronata Ziz. Hujus subspecies cliente sunt : a Ch. Braunii Gmel., Fl. Bad! Ch. coronata Ziz. herb!” Now as C. coronata, Ziz.=C. Braunii, Gmel., according to Braun’s own showing, and the name Chara coronata

ad been already applied by Bischoff a@ Bigs modification of Q. Braunii, we cannot conceive what reason there coul for pea the eeuble eee name of C. coronata, Aiaeas of the certain and definite name . Braunii, Gmel.

NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACEZ FoR 1883. a

Our plate represents C. aoe from Reddish, from specimens kindly forwarded to us by Mr. Bailey ; unfortunately it was collected too late to get a good he talents the plants having all been damaged and were throwing out a second growth of branches. The balacged figure of a yon branchlet shows the cells of the rudi- mentary secondary ring of stipulodes and cortex, which in the older whorls become invisible.

LycHNOTHAMNUS STELLIGER, Braun.—In Braun’s ‘ Fragmente’ Chara obtusa, Desv., is included under Lychnothamnus with the above name. The development of the nucules is that of a Lychno- thamnus rather than a Chara, but the position of this plant does not seem, to us, to be yet_ — out satisfactorily. We hope to be able to examine more speci. of it, and the other Lychnothamnt, also Lamprothamnus (L. Tupscuroide). Hitiog the coming year.

ToiypELLA pronirera, Leonh.—Lincoln 8., Deeping Fen, 1883, W.H. Beeby. This has not been found in England since Borrer’s time.

T. cuomerata, Leonh.—Devon N., Braunton Burrows, 1864, W. P. Hiern; Hunts, Somersham, 1888, A. F'reyer, comm. A. Bennett ; York 8. E., ditch near Brough, 1878, H. Parsons and T. Birks jun; Forfar, Sands of Barrie, F. Buchanan White, comm. A. Bennett.

T. mrrtcata, Leonh.—Beds., near Luton, 1883, J. Saunders.

Nrretta tenvissma, Kuetz. —Since the , Ml i of our last ““ Notes” we have again seen the specimen in Herb. Borrer, used as a Mite are for Norfolk, and find its locality ‘‘ Roydon Fen, Cambridge,” so we think it best to erase the record for Norfolk oC Bot. 1883, p. 22, printed Norfolk W. instead of Norfolk E.

N. cracttas, Ag.—Mr. Bennett forwarded to us last autumn some

8, containing three sy ig of this species, which e had

it, declines to give us any rif opis of its loc

N. rranstucens, Ag.—Dorset, near Corfe Castle, 1888, J. G.; Aberdeen §., Kinnaird Loch, 1888, J. W. Trail, comm. A. Bennett.

N. FLE , Ag.—Leitrim, Lough Allen, hap Z A. Stewart (first sree eae from Ireland).

1 e , Ag.—Devon N., 1864, W. P. Hiern; — 1877, W, P2Hiern : nee 188 0, J. E. Vize, comm. A. Bennett ; Leicester, 1844, A. Bloxam ; Packing 18838, A. Craig Christie ; er Be 1881, A. Sturrock, comm. Bennett ; Argyic; 2 ie

.; Orkney, pine! W. Irvine Fortescue ; Ferm z M. Barecen: Down 3, S. A. Stewart. We have sacle a specimen of this plant, rtieiod by the Rev. E. F. Linton, near Killin, Mid ee at the extraordinary elevation of between 3100 and 8800 fe

s

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. By J. G. Baxer, F.RB.S.

So little has been recorded as to the plants which. ascend amongst the upper levels of the midland counties of England, that the subject seems to be well worthy of further attention. Whilst staying lately at Buxton, in saad. I took an aneroid barometer about with me, and made a full list of all the species I noticed as ascending to 200 yards ste upwards. I suppose that in ginod oc we may jernidently assume that all three of Watson’s zones of the agrarian region are fully represented. So far as I can judge, the contour-line of 150 yards may be taken as the boundary between the two lower zones. arge area in the southern part of the county is below this level. “The limit between the mid- agrarian and super-agrarian zones I would place at 350 yards.

sea-level. The flora of the higher gritstone edges is very destitute of individuality, consisting almost entirely of species sprea ht ed Britain in grassy or moorland localities. In Yorkshire

limit of the arctic region. Applying this test in Derbyshire, 350 ards in height about equals 300 yards in Yorkshire; but there is plenty of Chamemorus on the gritstone peaks down to where the Pteris ascends, at about 550 yards of elevation. The athe are the estimates of altitude from which I worked as a basis: Axe GRC. a ey ee. . ITBG feet. 1700

Mam Tor igs Shee ( fv Railway above Burbage Re res OES £3 ee Waterloo Inn bie od ge Apa Market t Plac re hee On

‘s Dale Mulvey es ctxt OOO 5; Wye, below Lover’s Lea ogee eee |! ae Wye, at Monsal Dale. . . .

0

Thalictrum montanum. Limestone élifts. in soweent places, as- cending to Peveril Castle, 400 yards.

Ranunculus aquatilis, var. penicillatus. Very abundant in the Wye in Ashwood Dale and Millers Dale up to 800 yards. — Var peltatus. In the grounds at Chatsworth.—R. heder, sites! Swamps up to 500 yards.—R. # lammula, R. acris, and R. repens. Common up to 500 yards.—R. a

Caltha palustris. Swamps up to 500. ya ards.

Nuphar lutea. Pond at Chatsworth, 200 yards.

Papaver. Quite absent from the poshag Only a scrap of dubium seen on a cliff in Monsal Dale, 200 yards.

unaria officinalis. Only seen once, near Haddon, 200 yards.

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. a

Sinapis arvensis. A common weed up to 450 yards.

Brassica Rapa. A frequent colonist up to 450 yards.

Erysimum Alliaria. Seen only once, near Haddon, 200 yards.

Cardamine pratensis. Common up to 500 ism — C. hirsuta. Frequent in the limestone dales up to 350 yar

Arabis hirsuta. Common on walls and cliffs ‘of limestone up to 400 yards, at Peveril sera

Barbarea vulgaris. By the Wye, in Monsal Dale and Millers

Nasturtium officinale. Abundant in streamlets up to 850 yards. —N. palustre. Stream near Buxton, vards.

Cochlearia officinalis. Winnats and Peveril Castle, near Castle- ton, on limestone yn 800-400 yards. A for rm intermediate between littoralis and alpina.

Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Common up to 450 yards.

Helianthemum vulgare. One of the scaaheaee species of the limestone cliffs, 200-400 yards.

Viola palustris. “gree round Cat and Fiddle Inn, 500 yards.— V. hirta. Slopes of the limestone dales; Millers Dale, —— Dale, Taddington Wood, 200-250 yards. — JV. sylvatica. up to 500 yards. — V. arvensis. A weed in garden ground at é Bur: bage, 400 yards. — V. lutea. Grassy moors round Cat and Fiddle Tnn up to 500 ‘peta

Drosera. None

Polygala depress. Grease places up to 500

Silene pores . puberula. Very ¢ shecieueralen in Monsal Dale, 200 yar ae nutans. Limestone cliffs of Millers Dale, 250-300 “Blog chnis diurna. pho cca in the limestone dales, nego to Peveril Castle,-400 yards. — L. Flos-cuculi. Swamps up to 500

yards.—L. Githago. A corn- “tela weed up to 400 yards.

Cerastium glomeratum. Seago ~ up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough.—C; triviale. Common up to 500 yards.

Stellaria media. ‘eearers: up * 450 yards. — se Holostea. Woods up to 250 yards in Millers Dale. — 8. gram Com up 2 ssi yds.—S. uliginosa. Swamps up to 550 ne a Axe age:

ria trinervia. Walls in Millers Dale up to 250 yards.

A, paar Common amongst the limestone up to 400 yards above Castleton.

Alsine verna. Walls of Peveril Castle, 400 yards.

Sagina apetala. Courtyard of Haddon Hall; pees eenyiee

mm p tod

Montia g inetnts paren in swamps up to 500 yards.

Hypericum perforatum. Common in the limestone dales, 200-350 yards. — H. tetrapterum. By the Wye in Monsal Dale, 200 yards. — H. pulchrum. Up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough. — A. hirsutum... Common in the limestone dales, 200-850 yards.—- H, montanum. Limestone cliffs in Ashwood Dale, near the Lover's - Leap, 800-350 yards.

8 ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE.

Malva sylvestris. Foot of cliffs in Monsal Dale, 250 yards.

Tilia. None that looked really wild.

Linum ecatharticum. Common up to 500 yards.

Geranium pratense. Very fine at the ion, of the limestone — dales up to 300 yards. — G. molle. Frequent, ascending to 400 yards over Castleton. — G. dissectum. Wye Valley up to foot of Chee Tor, 250 yards. — G. columbinum. Taddington Wood and Wye Valley below Chee Tor, 250 yards. — G. lucidum. Common on walls and Goes in the limestone ‘ti 200-350 yards. — G. Robertianum. Common up to 850 yar

Oxalis etiedliags Common up to 450 yards.

Ilex Aquifolium. Frequent up to 850 yards. eus. Limestone cliffs up to 400 yards over

Castleton, native. mnus catharticus. Limestone cliffs in Millers Dale up to 300 yards. ;

Acer Pseudo-platanus. One of the ss aay ae of the dis- trict up to 450 yards, and often self-sown. — d. campestre. Com- | mon in the limestone dales up to 850 se 98

Ulex europeus. to 400 yards over Burbage.

Anthyllis Vulneraria. ST icctons banks, Millers Dale, &c., 250-300 yards.

Medicago lupulina. Common up to 400 yards.

Trifolium pratense and T. repens. Common up to 500 yards.— T. medium. Ashwood Dale, 300 yards.—T. procumbens. Frequent up to 400 yards on the walls of Peveril Castle. — T. minus. Fre- quent up to 450 yards over cudaaga

Lotus corniculatus. Common up to 500 yards. — L. major. Common up to 450 yards.

Vicia Cracca. Frequent up to 400 yards.—V. sepium. Ascends to 450 yards on the Burbage Moors.—V. sativa. A corn-field weed up to 540 yards.

Lathyrus pratensis. Common up to 400 yards.

Prunus spinosa. Native on the cliffs of the limestone dales up to 850 yards.—P. Padus. oo about the Lover’s Leap, 850 yards.

Spirea Ulmaria, Common in the limestone valleys up to 800 yds.

Agrimonia Eupatoria. “Miller s Dale and Monsal Dale up to 250 yards.

Sanguisorba officinalis. Meadows, and even sometimes a corn- field weed up to 400 yards 7

Poterium Sanguisorba. Common on limestone cliffs and banks, 200-400 yards.

Alchemilla arvensis. Only seen low down the Wye Valley, 200-250 yards. — A. vulgaris. Common up to 500 yards on the

Potentilla Fragariastr um. Limestone dales up to 800 yards. P, Tormentilla. Ascends nearly to summit of Axe Edge, 550 yards: — P. procumbens. Moor over Burbage, 450 yar ards. — P. repians. | Chee Tor Dale, &ec., 250 yards. — P. Anserina. Common up t0 | 400 yards. :

Fragaria vesca. Woods up to 850 yards.

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. ; 9

Rubus Ideus. Common up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough. — R. suberectus. None of the three subspecies occur.—R. rhamnifolius. Bottom of Monsal Dale, 200 yards. — R. discolor. None seen. — R. orien ys. Monsal Dale, and roadside over Cressbrook Mill, 200-300 yards.—R. unbrosus. Monsal Dale and Wye Valley below Chee Tor 200 eae yards.—R. Radula. Taddington Wood, 200-250 yards. — R. pallidus. One of the most frequent brambles of the limestone ikea, ascending to 850 yards at the Lover’s Leap. — corylifolius. * Upithe Wye Valley into Ashwood Dale, 300 yards.— a8 ee Frequent, ascending the Wye Valley to 350 yards

r the Lover’s Leap.—R. cesius. Frequent in Millers Dale, &c., Easieding to 800 yards over Cressbrook.—R. Chamemorus. Abun- dant on the peak of Axe Edge, especially descending the clough on the sae 550 yards.

a spinosissima. Monsal Dale, and plentiful about Cressbrook Ltient the limestone debris, 200-800 ya: ards.—R. mollissima. Fre-

. anin

200-800 yards. Forms specu noted: lutetiana, dumalis, urbica (a form of this with glandular sarees in Taddington Wood); Reutert, subcristata, and coriifolia, all three characteristic in Millers — and marginata near the school- nine near Cressbrook Hous R. arvensis. Taddington Wood, and Wye Valley below Chee Tor ; and about Cressbrook, 200-250 yards.

Geum urbanum. Common in the oaaiee's woods up to 3800 yards.—G. rivale. Wye Valley up to 300 yar

Crataegus Oxyacantha. Common up to 450 a ards.

Pyrus Aucuparia. — to 500 yards. — P. Malus. Lime- ane alec up to 800 yard

Epilobium hirsutum. ‘pane up - 400 yards.—E. parviflorum. Wye Valley up to 250 yards. — E. montanum. Common up to 850 . — E. obscurum. Swamps up ae “600 yards on Axe Edge. — E. palustre. Swamps up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough.

Circea lutetiana. Wye Valley up to Chee Tor, O56 yards. .

cea platycarpa. Swamps up to 500 yards on the slope of Axe E

Ribes Grauitaoti: Not truly wild.

Sedum Telephium. Limestone cliffs, rama) Wood, Millers Dale,’ Chee Tor, &c., 200-300 yards. — S. acre. Limestone cliffs, common up to 400 yards.

Saxifraga tridactylites. Walls up to 800 y — 8. granulata. Dry banks up to 350 yards.—S. eager’ nana Dale, Millers Dale, Winnats at Castleton, 250-850 y

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. Beraepe up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough.

Parndssia palustris. Limestone banks up to 400 yards. Helosciadium nodiflorum. Wye Valley up to Ashwood Dale, 800 s.

Pimpinella Sawifraga. Limestone banks up to 400 yards at Peveril Castle, over Castleton.— P. magna. Abundant in Ashwood Dale, at the Lover's Leap, up to 350 yards.

10 ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE.

(Enanthe. None seen. Angelica sylvestris. Woods up to 400 yards. Heracleum Sphondylium. Common up to 500 yards. Torilis Anthriscus. Common on the limestone banks up to 350 yards lum ae Common up to 400 yards.—C. temulum. Frequent, ascending to 400 yards over Castleton rrhis tae Tideswell, Burbage, and roadside near the ee and Flowing Well ; always near houses, 200-400 yards Hedera Helix. Common on limestone cliffs up to 400 yards. A —— os oe palmatifid leaves on the walls of Peveril Castle. C Truly wild in the limestone dales up to 350 packs. Sambucus nigra. Wye Valley up to 300 yards. Viburnum Opulus. Wye Valley up to Chee Tor, 250 yards Galium Cruciata. Common up to 400 yards on Fairfield Moor. —G.verum. Common up to 400 yards over Castleton. — G. saxa- tile. hails to the peak of Axe Edge over 550 yards.—G. sylvestre. Common on the limestone cliffs and banks, ascending to 400 yards at Peveril Castle. — G. palustre. Swamps up to 500 yards on Axe Edge.—G. Aparine. Common up to 450 yards. ‘Asperula odorata. Wye Valley up to Chee Tor, 250 yards. Valeriana officinalis. Common in — woods up to 350 yards.

Scabiosa Succisa. Frequent up to 400 yards.—S. Columbaria. One of the oo plants of the limestone cliffs up to 400 ards.—S. sis. Common up to 400 yards; a weed in the

a pigheet © corn- 1 fields, Car nutans. Common up to 500 yards, especially on lime- 8 crispus. Ascends to 400 yards over Castleton. — C. ©

stone banks; mixed with —— at , an M ] Dale, 200-400 yards.—C. a Common up to 500 yards Carlina vulgaris. im sacle “banks, common, from Monsal

Arctium minus. Millers Dale and Monsal Dale, not plentiful, up to 250 yards.

Centaurea nigra. Common up to 450 yards in pie s Clough. —C. Scabiosa. Limestone 958 common up to 350

Matricaria Parthenium. at Tideswell; an panes

Chrysanthemum [eviethaiind, Common up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough.

Anthemis arvensis. Roadside in Millers Dale, 250 yards.

_ Achillea Millefolium. Common up to 500 yards.—d. Ptarmica.

Up to 450 yards phaghan Clough.

ones see Gnaphalium wligincdsin. Up to 400 yards on Fairfield Common. Senecio vulgaris. An abundant weed up to 450 yards. — S.

Jacobea. Common up to 500 yards. Inula Conyza. Limestone cliffs in Millers Dale, 250 yards.— I. dysenterica. Wye Valley, up to foot of aon Tor, 250 yards. Bellis perennis. Common up to 500 yar

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. |

Solidago inate Cliffs both of lime and gritstone up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clo Tussilago j fest ge rea up to 500 yards, Petasites vulgaris. Abundant in Wye Valley up to Buxton, 800 rds.

Eupatorium cannabinum. Wye Valley up to 250 yards. Lapsana communis. Frequent up to 400 yards over Castleton. Hypocheris radicata. Frequent up to ey yards at Burbage. Leontodon hispidus. Common.up to 400 yards.—L. autumnalis. Common up to 500 yards on Axe Edge Picris hieracioides. Ashwood Dae and Taddington Wood, 200- 300 yards. Taraxacum officinale. Common up to 500 yards.—T. palustre.

Up to 500 yards in swamps of Axe Edge. Lactuca “a alis. ommon on limestone cliffs up to 400 yards over Castle

Sorcha stannic Common up to 350 yards.—S. asper. Com- yards.

Crepis virens. Common up to 450 yards.—C. paludosa. Wye Valley up to Buxton, 300 yards.

Cliffs both of limestone and gritstone, ascending to 450 yards in pe be s Clough.—H. boreale. Frequent i in the iceiens ales up to 800 yards.

Cawaesds latifolia. Limestone dales ; Castleton, Taddington, sp , 200-800 yards.——C. rotundifolia. Common up to 500 yards on e Edge.

Vaccinium Vitis-idea. Plentiful on Axe’ Edge, 400-550 yards. —V. Myrtillus. Ascends to peak of Axe Edge, over 550 yards.

Erica es i to peak of Axe Edge, over 560 yards. —FE. cin es

Callas vulgaris. avandia on the gritstone moors up to over 550 yards.

Fraainus excelsior. Common and truly wild up to 450 yards.

Ligustrum vulgare. Native on limestone cliffs in Monsal Dale and Millers Dale, 200-250 yards.

Gentiana Amarella. Frequent up to 500 yards.—G. campestris. Frequent up to 500 yards.

Menyanthes. None seen.

Contotouls sepium. A very frequent weed up to 400 yards at Burbage d Fairfield; grown round the house- -porches at Tad-

ington rey arvensis. Not s seen.

Solanum Duleamara. Millers Dale, 250 yards.

Scrophularia Balbisii. Wye banks in Monsal wei 200 yards. —S. nodosa. Common up to 400 yards over Castleton

Digitalis purpurea. Up to 500 yards on Axe Edge.

Linaria Cymbalaria. Walls at Ashford, &c.; alien.

Veronica agrestis. A weed up to 250 yards.—V. arvensis. Fre- quent up to 400 yards on limestone cliffs over Castleton. — V.

hamedrys. Common up

«serpyliifolia. Up to 350 yards.— V.

12 | --s*ON-‘THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE.

to 500 yards. — V. montana. Chee Tor Woods, 250 yards. — Anagallis. Ascends Wye Valley to 350 yards. — V. Beceabunga. Common in Swamps up to 500 yards.

Euphrasia afficinalis. Common up to 500 yards.

Bartsia Odontites. Wye Valley up to foot of a. Tor, 250 yards.

Lthinanthus Crista-galli. Common up to 500 yards.

Mentha hirsuta. Wye Valley up to 850 seh — M. sativa. By the Wye in Millers Dale, 250 yards.—Var. Sais with the type in Monsal Dale.

Thymus Serpyllum. Common up to 500 yards.

Origanum vulgare. Common in the aetne dales, ascending to 400 yards at Peveril Castle.

Calamintha Clinopodium. Limestone dales up to 850 yards.

Nepeta Glechoma. Common up to 450 yards near cottages over

urbage. Prunella vulgaris. Common up to 500 yards.

Stachys schon Common in woods up to 400 yards near Waterloo

Galeopsis ria been, A common weed up to the highest corn- fields, 450 yards.

Lamium incisum. A garden weed at Burbage, 350 yards.—L. purpureum. Common up to 400 yards.—L. album. Wye Valley up to Tideswell, 250 yards.

Ajuga reptans. Frequent up to 800 yards.

Teucrium Scorodonia. Common amongst the limestone cliffs up to 400 yards over Castleton.

Myosotis caspitosa. Swamps of Axe Edge up to 500 yards.— M. palustris. Fine in a Valley up to Millers Dale, 250 yards.—

M. arvensis. Common up to 400 yards.—M. collina. Limestone

cliffs of Millers Dita: &c., 200-300 yards. Primula vulgaris. Limestone cliffs up to 350 yards. Anagallis arvensis. Only seen near Rowsley, 200 yards.

Plantago major. Common up to 500 yards.—P. media. Lime- ©

stone banks up to 350 yds.—P. hamigncns a up to 500 yds. Chenopodium album. Not seen.—C. us-Henricus. Up to 350 yards at Taddington

Atriplex angustifolia. “Millers Dale, 250 phys —A. Smithit. Up |

to highest corn-fields over Burbage, 450 yar umex nemorosus. Wye Valley up to Chee Tor, 250 yards.—R. obtusifolius. Common up hs 500 yards.—R. crispus. Common up

to 450 yards.—f. Acetosa and R. Acetosella. Ascend to peak of ©

xe Edge, over 550 yards.

Polygonum Convolvulus and P. av iculare. Ascend to highest corn- fields over Burbage, 450 yards.—P. Persicaria. Frequent up to 450 yards.—P. amphibium. Wye Valley at Ashford, 200 yards.—P. Bistorta. Meadow near the Grammar School at Buxton, 350 yards.

Empetrum nigrum. Abundant on Axe Edge, up to the peak,

yards Euphorbia Peplus. A common weed up to 400 yards. Mercurialis perennis. Common in the woods up to - gare Parietaria _ Walls of Haddon Hall, 200 yar

posh ome rhe abeb st aaa

fect gS, a) Np Mite a” see

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. 13

Urtica dioica. Common up to 500 yards.—U. wrens. Not seen. Ulmus suberosa. Lower part of Wye Valley ; doubtfally pana ——U. montana. Common up to 500 yards; plentiful in the lime-

Quercus Robur. Woods up to 400 yards.

Castanea vulgaris. Chatsworth Park; planted.

Fagus sylvatica. Woods up to 400 yards.

Corylus Avellana, Common up to 400 yar

Alnus glutinosa. Up the Wye Valley to Hexion, 300 yards.

Betula alba. Woods up to 400 yards.

yrica Gale. Not seen.

Populus alba. Wild-looking by the Wye below Chee Tor, 250 yards. oa tremula. Gritstone cliffs in Goyt’s Clough, 450 yards. —P.nigra. Wye Valley up to Ashwood Dale, 300 yards; likely plante i

Salix pentandra. Not seen.—S. fragilis. Wye Valley up to Buxton, 300 yards.—S. vitellina. By the Wye near Monsal Dale Station, 250 yards.—S. triandra. Wye bank in Millers Dale, 250

yards.—S. purpurea, 8. viminalis, and S. Smithiana. y the Wye up to Ashwood Dale, 300 yards. —— S. cinerea. Common up to 500 yards on moor near ‘the Cat and Fiddle Inn.—S. aurita. Swamps

near oe Cat and Fiddle Inn, 500 yards.—S. os Common up to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough.—S. repens. Not se

Pinus sylvestris. Planted up to 500 yards.

Juniperus communis. gage seg in pts a Dale, 550 yds.

Sparganium ramosum. Ponds u ards.

emna minor. Ponds up to 106 ade.

Potamogeton natans (true). Ponds up to 400 yards.

Triglochin pers Swamps up to 550 yards on Axe Edge.

Listera ovata. Woods over Burbage, 400 yards.

Scilla nutans. Monsal Dale up to 250 yards.

Narthecium ossifragum. Swamps on the moors round Cat and Fiddle Inn, 500 yards.

Juncus conglomeratus. Millers Dale, 250 yards. — J. effusus.

| - ff | Common up to 550 yards.—J. sain and J. lamprocarpus. Com-

mon up to 500 SL eaetn . supinus. Moorland aga of Goyt’s Clough and Axe Edge up to 500 yards.—J, bufoni Com

mon up to 450 yards.—J. squarrosus. Ascends to peak ao Axe Edge, over _ 650 yards.

Blysmus compressis. By the Wye below ie ae 250 yards. Scirpus palustris. Ponds up to 400 yards. — 8S. cespitosus Abundant on Axe Edge up to over 550 yards. s setaceus. Wye

- Valley up to 250 yards.

—— angustifolium. Moorland swamps up to over 550 yards on Axe Edge.—F. vaginatum. Moorland swamps up to over

550 yards on Axe Edge

Jarex pulicaris, C. nies C. curta, C. geen C. iy meloese C. panicea, and C. flava. Swamps up to 500 yar ae Swamps up to 550 yards on Axe RR: peg Wye Valley

14 ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE.

below Chee Tor, 250 yards.—c. ampullacea, By the Wye up to the foot of Chee Tor, 250 yards. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Common up to the peak of Axe Edge, over 550 yards Digraphis arundinacea, Wye Valley up to 800-yards. Alopecurus genicu whkgy Swamps up to 500 yards.—4A. pratensis. Common up to 500 yar _ Phieum pratense. Boies up to 450 yards. Agrostis canina. Swamps near Cat and Fiddle Inn, 500 yards. —A, vulgaris. Ascends on Axe Edge, over 550 yards. Phragmites communis. By the Wye in Monsal Dale, 200 site ommon up to 500 yards. —- A. fleau Ascends above 550 yards on Axe Edge.—4A. Bubyapibylian. Foot ‘of Chee Tor, 250 Avena vans and A. elatior. Common up to 400 yards.— A. pratensis. Common amongst the limestone cliffs, 200-400 yards. Holcus mollis and H. lanatus. Common up to 500 yards. Triodia decumbens. Limestone banks at foot of Chee Tor, 250 ue Molinia cerulea. Moorland swamps near Cat and Fi ddle Inn 500 yards. Melica uniflora. Woods up to 800 yards. Glyceria fluitans and G. plicata. Common up to 500 yards. Sclerochloa rigida. Wall near Monsal Dale Railway Station, 250 yards. oF Seaton annua. Ascends to Axe Edge, over 550 yards. — P Limestone rocks and walls, Haddon, Millers Dale, eR Dale, &c., 200-350 yards.—P. pratensis. Common up to ards, — - Var. subcerulea. Common on limestone cliffs and walls.—P. trivialis. Common up to 450 yards. Briza media, = cristatus, and Dactylis glomerata. Com- mon up to 500 yar Festuca ovina. dees over 550 yards on Axe Edge. — duriuscula. Frequent up to 500 yards.—F’. elatior. Teiingtos Wood, 250 yards.—F’. pratensis. Common up to 500 yards. romus giganteus. Wye Valley up to Buxton, 300 yards.—B. asper. Wye Valley up to Buxton, 300 yards,—B. sterilis. Ascends to 400 yards on limestone rocks over Castleton.—B. mollis, Com- mon up to y : Brachypodium sylvaticum. Common in woods up to 850 yards, Triticum caninum. ommon in the limestone woods up to 00 yards.

Nardus ina Ascends over 550 yards on Axe E

Pteris aquilina. Ascends to 550 yards on a gine just meeting chi ene Chamemorus.

Lomaria Spicant. Ascends to 550 yards on Axe Edge.

Asplenium Ruta-muraria, Limestone cliffs, ascending to 400 yds. over Cantiaton: —A. Trichomanes. Taddington Wood, 250 yards.

Athyrium Filizx femina. Ascends to 550 yards on Axe Edge.

is. Limestone cliffs over Castleton, 400 yards.

Cystopteris fragilis. Nephrodium Filiz-mas. Ascends to 450 yards in Goyt’s Clough. |

CYPERACEE NOVE. 15

' Ni dilatatum. Ascends to peak of Axe Edge, over 550 yards.— N. Oreopteris. Ascends with Pteris and Filix-femina to 550 yards on Axe Edge.

Polypodium vulgare. Limestone cliffs up to 800 yards. — P. Robertianum. a estone cliffs, Tapley Pike and below Chee Tor, 250-350 yar

Equisetum arvense. Common up to 450 yards.—E. palustre and E. limosum. Swamps up to 500 yards.

on CYPERACEZ NOV. By Henry N. Rovtey, M.A., F.L.8.*

Cyperus divulsus.—Cespitosa, glaucescens, radicibus hel culmis dabikibas triquetris striatis semipedalibus foliis guste linearibus acuminatis erectis, culmis brevioribus, va si integris, spiculis remotis tribus lanceolatis obtusis bracteatis, bracteis linearibus erectis squamis ovatis breviter a cn dorso viridescente, lateribus fulvo-brunneis lucidis marginibus angust scariosis, racheola tetraquetra sub exuosa, foveolis angustis oblongis, stylo tenerrimo bifido brevissime exserto, caryopsi subglobosa atra rugosa brevissime apiculata, squama dimidio

Madagsscat, 1 in paludibus Betsileo, No. 4080, Hildebrandt.

A remarkable plant of the Pycreus section, allied to C. inter- mee Steud., _ the spikelets arranged in a spike, papas Pies we from each other, each being subtended by its bract,

Pee an umbel ey whorl of bracts, as is almost el in the genus. Bysciiiens of C. intermedius Steud., and C. stramineus

narrow, and erect, overtopping the spike. The nut is subglobose, dull black, and remarkably rugose, like that of some Sclerix. The culms are about 6 in. in height, the longest of the bracts is 8 in. in length, fae spikelets } an in.

Cc. Smithianus. alis rigidus, glaucus, —, lanatis, culmis triquetris basi bulbosis foliis linearibus

s albis, dorso obscure sanguineo-punctata, racheola recta, tetraquetra, foveolis oblongis, stylo trifido brunneo, longe exserto, caryopsi

minutissima oblongo-ovata obscure trigona ae apiculata sere flavescente

ngo River, Christian Smith.

i pa apparently ammophilous plant, with bulbous culms,

9 in. in height; numerous stiff leaves, 7 in. long; and four

* The species desnetc and referred to in this paper are in the Herbarium of the British Mus

16 CYPERACEZ NOVE.

reading involucral leaves, 4 in. in length. The spikelets are.

sprea crowded together into a loose head; they are white, and } an in. in length. The glumes (1 line long) are rather broad, and three- ribbed ; the ribs aia: distant. The nut is very eM oe is not quite ripe. Beinn affinity of oe plant is Bipes C. proteino : —_ culmo singulo, sbeagehe fguebie basi taihane eelabad Miroell foliis pluribus glaucis cul- mum superantibus, late-lineari-acuminatis, marginibus et carina —— involucralibus 4 patentibus vel reflexis linearibus acumi- natis glaucis basi vix sting capitulo singulo ovato, spiculis soo oo parvis, squa inatis umin rvo, mvaibiatviatis dorso albo marginibus scariosis Bisis trifido ‘len gaad ulo brunnescente exserto caryopsi (immatars) oblonga triquetra. Congo, Christian Smith. A small plant, with the habit of a Kyllinga, 8 in. in height, with stiff glaucous leaves, _ a small ovate white capitulum, 4 + of an in. in length. The spikelets are very small and flattened,

vaginatis ste linearibu ecidis culmos superantibus, va- ginis integris ore scariosis hoor eo-punctatis, involucralibus 4 linearibus reflexis uno longissimo apice scabridis, spicis 3, arcte

gis congestis sessilibus, spiculis sean: allipticis turgidulis parvis u oris, eee 8 — us ovatis, superioribus oe carinatis 14 costa viridi lateribus fulvis sanguineo- punctatis, stylo pli profunde & trifido complanato janet exserto caryopsi (immatura) oblonga trique adagascar, Hilsenberg & Bojer.

The affinity of this plant is with C. flavus Bekler non Presl Mariscus flavus Vahl.), from which it is distinguished by its small ovate capitulum, little spikelets, and very long scarious vagine, like those of C. dubius Rottb., of which it has much the habit. The culms are 9 in. in h eight; the vagine 4 in. long; longest involucral bract, 4

The foll Ai iain occur in Madagascar, but are not included in Mr. C. Clarke’s list in vol. xx. of the ‘Journal of the Linnean cist ty’:—C. dichrostachys Hochst., Arikafina, South Betsileo, Hildebrandt, No. 4016, a native also of Lower Guinea and Abyssinia; and C. nes grag Vahl., Madagascar, Thompson, as a tropical African plant. C. nudicaulis Poir., not seen by Mr. Clarke from oe usage was collected by Hildebrandt at Andrang- vloaka (No. 3741

=

Scleria Hilsenber ergii—Culmis debilibus triquetris pauci- foliatis ultra pedalibus, ieee viridibus flaccidis linearibus mar- ginibus apicium ciliatis icula laxa, ramis capillaribus sub- flexuosis fasciculis ei ‘souaitiba ad viginti, prot ovatis longe mucronatis, quam fasciculos brevioribus, mucrone ciliato spiculis binis vel ternis, parvis masculis Joeustsalieia “commixtis,

ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE. if

lineolatis dorso viridi, caryopsi globosa ‘ego breviter apiculata, tuberculosa, alba, basi angustata trigona

Madagascar, Hilsenber rg & Bojer.

This plant is allied to S. verticillata Sw. The culms are 14 in. in height; the leaves shorter, rather narrow, 1 line in diameter ; the branches of the panicle very slender, and longer than in verticillata; and the spikelets are longer and narrower. The rhizome is absent in both specimens.

ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE. By W. H. Bessy.

Tue following notes are the result of a stay of eight days at St. — Deeping, South Lincolnshire, at the end of July and begin- g of August last. The area ‘vestigated + was eeird sSinpaanig duly the neers ne eighbourhoo od of Deeping, the course of the Biger Welland from Deeping to Crowland, and that portion of Deeping Fen which is enclosed by the North Drove, South Drove, and Cross Drains, as far northward as Littleworth. The soil about _ Deeping and the western part of the Fen is chiefly gravel, but round Littleworth rand about the South Drove Drain a clayey soil prevails. The drainage of the Fen was first ate mpted in the reign

q enry I. ‘‘ This work, considering the times, was a success, _ for, although many lakes and sykes remained, the general surface p to the

_ the first to be drained, is now a Fen only in name, and arable lands _ and drains alternate para te a prospect unbroken by broad, _ or mere, or even bog. Thus none of the rare fen plants on to be found, and observations are reatiiokel to corn-field plants and aquatics. Attention was chiefly given to the latter

The number of ee noted was about 300, of which Some the Beta, two doubtful pond- weeds, and five Characee) 26 ar unrecorded for South Lineatibhv in Top. Bot., ed. 2. _addition to this number would doubtless have resulted had investi-

gations pies pushed in the direction of capes on the gravel, and ad the corn-field plants been more closely studi Spent at Satan Bridge and the adjoining coast produced nothing special interest, Beta maritima L. being the only addition to the vice-county from that neighbourhood.

It e borne in mind that remarks as to the ee &e., of he several plants refer to the area above de *. wee ne t to ‘the e- Arheced generally. Those species which ar o South Lincolnshire are marked with * in the following list, ont pa ee

ep

‘ The Fenland, Past ia Present.’ By S. J. Miller and S. B. J. ae JouRnaL oF Botany.—Vou. 22. [Janvary, 1884.)

squamis iiforiOe bub ovatis ring ere tapes longis, supe- rioribus lanceolatis acuminatis mucronatis ferrugineis sanguineo-~ ~

18 ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE.

those plants iii seem worthy of notice, on account of their rarity or the con

Thalictrum pee L. Rar ; leaves only, by the South Drove Drain. Bele at. in fruit fy the Cross Drain. The latter I believe var. ium Jord. *Ba nunculus trichophyllus Chaix. Plentiful in a ditch by the roadside at Littleworth. “I think your Ranunculus from Little- worth is trichophyllus,” Prof. eed — Ri. sceleratus L. About

Deeping ; not common. — R. Lingua L. Only seen sparingly in a iece of fenny oat adjoining the railway between Deeping an Littleworth.— R. acris L., and R. repens L., both frequent; R.

b bulbosus not no oa —R. arvensis L. Corn- fields, Deeping and Deep- ing Fen.

Nymphea alba L. Rare; sparingly in the South Drove Drain. Mr. Thompson’s fish-pond, Deeping. Introduced at the latter station ; roots from Eastbourne.

apaver Rheas L. Corn-fields in the Fen; not abundant.— P. dubium L. Near the zaulway, Deeping. Thisi is the var. Lamottei. Perhaps P. Lecogii occurs in a corn-field between Littleworth and the South Drove Drain; sap yellow, but capsule scarcely, satis- factory.—P. Argemone L. Sparingly about Deeping.

*Sinapis alba L. Waste ground at Deeping. — S. nigra L. By

the River Welland, Crowland.

isymbrium officinale Scop. Only seen at Crowland.—S. Alliaria not observed.

rysimum cheiranthoides L. Waste ground near Deeping; not Fon

seen in the

Nasturtium sylvestre Brown. By drains bani Crowland. — N. amphibium Brown. River Welland below Dee

Stellaria aquatica Scop. Noted.— 8. graminea :h, Only once seen, by the roadside between Deeping and the Cross Drain

Sagina nodosa Meyer. At the junction of the South Drove and Cross Drains Hypericum tetrapterum Fries. Not very abundant, and the only species noted.

lalva sylvestris and M., potanilivelia L. Both about ~Deeping

and Crowland ; Benue very plen

aan catharticum L. By the yn Drain, towards Baston.

Geranium panies Burm., dissectum I., G. molle, rather feacnene but nowhere A aa —G. Robertianum L. Dee eep- ing.

*Ononis arvensis Auct. Roadside from Deeping to Stamford.

at Sutton

Sanguis ts offic nalis L. Not unfrequent in damp ditches —

Sakti Deeping and the Fen

sa canina L., var. dumalis, Hedges near Deeping in several ved. :

places. The only form obser Pyrus Malus L., var. ae. Hedges of fields near Deeping.

*Epilobium tetragonum Li. Ditches between Deeping and the y°

Sheek minus Relh., and T. procumbens L. Not seen, except f

¥

ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE. 19

g Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Only seen in Mr. Thompson’s fish-pond, Deeping. — * M. spicatum i With the above and 4 eee common. — * M. alterniflorum DC. Noted, and I think

. Hip spel vulgaris L. Very common in drains, &c.

_ _ *Callitriche obtusangula Le Gall.— The common species of the _ district. — C. stagnalis Scop. (aggr.). ieee less common than the last, No other species was seen in fruit

Sedum acre L. Walls at Deeping, and dry banks by the River Welland towards Crowland.

Sempervivum tectorum L. Cottage roofs at Deeping.

ume Saxifraga L. Only seen in one place by the Cross ,

g "Siu U ot ime L. ee frequent in the Fen about Little- _ worth; more so about Crowland.

4 Gnanthe Phellamdrium bi noes common, — *(. fluviatilis _ Colem. River Welland below Deeping. I record this, Wiboas 7 ata hesitation, from its habit Nine: having omitted to examine _ the plan

Pasesaeiia sativa L., Railway banks near Deeping. Introduced ? ; Torilis nodosa Gaert. Dry banks by the River Welland, near _ Crowland.

4 Conium —— L. Frequent, and attaining a ay size. Galium verum L. Deeping.—G. palustre L. mmon

cabiosa arvensis L. Only seen by the road from Deeping to

Stamford

Carduus nutans . Rather en —C. crispus L, Banks of - South Drove and sate ipa —C. palustris L. Only seen in one _ place by the Cross Dra — Arctium majus Schl. "Rather frequent in the Fen by the road- _ side from Deeping to Crowland. Another plant seen near the _ Cross Drain is perhaps the var. subtomentosum Lange. Filago germanica L. Sparingly by the Cross Drain. 7 Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Almost absent, although looked oa | everywhere in the expectation of finding var. pilulare. Only tw _ plants were seen—in the Fen near Littleworth. Senecio sylvaticus L. Littleworth. . - Petasites vulgaris L. Abundant by the River Welland, at Market _ Deeping.

Tussi eepea cleat! L. Only seen by the road from Deeping towards Bas Biondi’ kate L. Littleworth.—Z. autumnalis L. Common _ about Deeping, &c. Very variable. 7 =e Helminthia echioides Gaert. By the road from Deeping to

ston.

Tragopogon pratensis L. Not in flower; apparently var. minor. oat seen by the River Welland near Crow “lan

_ *Taraxacum officinale Li., var. levigatum, On walls at Deeping St. James.

20 ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE.

Sonchus arvensis L. The Fen plant is noticeable on account of its copiously-branched stem and deeply-cut leaves.

*Crepis biennis L. A rather common plant in hedge-banks and grassy places by roadsides about Deeping.

Verbascum Thapsus L. Only seen in cottage gardens at Deeping.

Veronica hederifolia, V. polita, V. agrestis, V. arvensis, V. Chamedrys L. All noted bolt Deeping. — V. Anagallis and V. Beccabunga L. By the River Neo below Deeping.

Lycopus europeus Li, Deeping ; not ¢

Mentha sativa L. Pits in a field near st Deoping Station.

Galeopsis versicolor Curt. Plenti corn-fields.

Myosotis palustris With. The only ‘Gib of the aquatic species observed. Utricularia vulgaris L. Rather plentiful in the Cross and South Drove Drains. Only one specimen seen in “ae gy x.

Hottonia augers L. Deeping, Crowland, &

Plantago media L. In one place by the saaliatie towards Baston.

Chenopodium rubrum L. Deeping. — C. Bonus-Henricus L. Crowland.

*Rumex maximus Schreb. River Welland, between Deeping and Crowland. Not in ripe fruit, but the strongly- -cordate leaves and furrowed petiole leave no doubt as to the species. New to atson’s Province VIII. dines for North Essex in Top. Bot.

Parietaria diffusa ; eeping * Ulmus montana Bai "Titieworth, Planted ? Typha latifolia L., var. media. In several places by the South Drove Drain, near Littleworth. Sparganium ramosum Huds. Crowland, &c.— S. simplex Huds. — mna trisulea and L. polyrhiza L. Both abundant in drains near rOoue nd, otamogeton natans L. Rather common. — P. oblengus Pout. Certainly rare; I think once seen in the Fen near Littleworth.— is heterophyllus Schreb. Will probably be found in the North Drove Drain, which had been recently ‘“‘ roaded,” so that the plants were es ee anon —P. Zizi M. & K.? North Drove Drain ; Drain near Crowland. On these plants Mr. Arthur Bennett eink. ‘*T feel pretty sure P. Zizii, but it is hardly safe to assume e so on account of the state of the specimens.” These

drains had been recently roaded ae lucens Li ery h var. acuminatus EB. A curious form with obovate leaves occurs in River Welland. — “P deeipiens Nolte. Sparingly 10

e Dra n but that of Silesia,” Arthur Bennett. — P. densus L. Very com- mon ; more so than P. erispus.—* P. pusillus L. Frequent, with var. tenuissimus. Shegencarataes palustris L. Deeping. te pedicillata Fries. Plenti- a drain by the roadside at Littleworth.

Triglochin palustre L. By the North - Dro ove Dra

Alisma lanceolata With. Frequent.—A. eieatsial: South Drove and Cross Drains.

ON THE FLORA OF SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE. pa

Butomus umbellatus L. Crowland, Deeping, &c *Hydrocharis Morsus-rane L. In several drains near Crow- nd.

Tris Pseud-Acorus L. In fruit by Mr. Thompson’s fish-pond, Apt anode a ( ‘ee a

| *Jun usifloru Fenny ground by the a betweeu : Racers Sad pe hited “pienifl in the Cross Drain.—J. acuti- florus was not seen.—*J. compressus Jacq. Somewhat Bee er in

one place by the ie Dain. Possibly hidden in other places by q the longer herbag,

irpus seit L. Abundant in the larger drains, but not seen in eter or fruit. ree palustris L. Deeping, Littleworth, #6: —S. lacustris L. Deepin

. *Carex disticha Huds. Fiathibe moh sl in wet eo &c., about _ Deeping, and towards the nate station. — C. vulpina Li. The 4 eet species. — C. muricata L. Sa ine ‘by the River 4 and, near Crowland ; pci seen elsewher *C. flava L.

a. ““ &.”? — C. Pseudo-cyperus L. Ditches by Pete roads leading from Deeping towards Baston.—C. riparia Curt. Rather _ abundant in one place by the Cross Drain, helo Baston Agrostis alba L., var. stolonifera. Common in the Fen Sclerochloa rigida Link. Walls and dry <tr about Dee rH en communis Li. In the Cross Drain, ae stolons rT ft. n observed to be stoloniferous seetctaai + tesa: fatua L,, var. pilosissima. Roadside age ss rcs Briza media L. Deeping.

* Festuca elatior L. en ts eek about Deeping.

Bromus giganteus L. Hedges about Deeping. — B. commutatus =a Under the walls of Cnwling Abbey. — B. mollis

owla

Triticum repens L, Not so common as var. barbatum Duval- ouve, which is the Spt form

Hordeum murinum L. ceping.

Equisetum palustre and EF. arvense L. Deeping.—E. limoswm L. owland, and in several parts of the Fen

Tolypella Sealifoen Leonh. See Journ. Bot. 1883, p. 280.

Chara vulgaris L. Frequent, but not abundant, except in a var oe it by the railway near Deeping, A plant from a ditch near

way-station has been named var. longibracteata by Misses. roves.—C. hispida L. Deeping, &c. Chiefly in the Cross Drain.

. aspera Willd. The commonest species and the only one that generally plentiful. Covering the bottoms of the larger drains

sith nnd odwiai :

ily passed over, as it occurs among dense growth of Myriophyllum,

geese collected are referred to the above variety

y the Messrs. Groves, to whom and to Mr. Arthur Bennett my

nks are due for their brace in examining the Characee@ and

amogetons. No Characee seem to have been hitherto recorded uth shire.

23. A THIRD NEW CHINESE RHODODENDRON. E Laci §

In conclusion, I trust that these notes may be the means of interesting other botanists in the flora of the county, where much work evidently remains to be done.

A THIRD NEW CHINESE RHODODENDRON. By H. F. Hanon, Ph.D., F.L.S., &e.

My sharp-sighted and indefatigable friend, the Rev. B. C. Henry, made, during May last, in company with Captain Calder, of the Imperial Chinese Navy, an excursion to the Lo-fau-shan range,

t forty miles north-east of Canton. These mountains, studded with monasteries, both Buddhist and Taoist, where the traveller can obtain shelter, form a series of plateaux whence arise peaks, some of them attaining a height of 8500 feet, nearly double that of Victoria Peak, the loftiest summit in Hong-Kong. The botanical specimens collected by Mr. Henry and others, some of which have already been described in these pages, leave no doubt in my mind that this locality is by far the richest and most interesting within acces- sible distance of the provincial capital. It is quite famous amongst Chinese ‘Piforé01, and I feel assured that its careful exploration would lead to the discovery of a large number of valuable an ornamental trees and shrubs, as well as herbaceous plants. I trust that the Kew authorities, in the interests of science, may induce the Colonial Office to arrange for this scarcely known but easily

Lin ad gw’ Rhododendron (Evruopopenpron, subseries 4) simiarum, §P-

nov.—Frutescens e, ramulis angulatis nodosis glaberrim!s; s rigide coriaceis oblongis basi cuneatis apice obtusis marge revolutis supra gla s olivaceis sublucidis costa tenuiter 12

A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA, or

dense fulventibus v. albidis costa fortiter prominente nervis ten

bus venularum rete nunc nudato 8 poll. longis 10-12 lin. latis ali, gemmarum rage eal ovoidearum squamis

multiseriatis orbicularibus dorso tomento aureo sericeo vestitis

margine ciliatis, floribus cire. 5 ter baa corymbosis, pedicellis

3-8 lin. “s ngis albo- Siloite: calyce parvo angusto leviter 5-dentato

v. cupular mw ieee corolle infundibulari-campanulate utrinque

hr

glaberrimez roseolo-albw intus pulchre purpureo punctate odore 14-15 lin. ale sursum ampliate fere ad medium 5-lobe lobis rot is, stami inequalium dimidi v. duas tertias

crassiusculo glabro corolle equilongo stigmate capitato lobulato, capsula breviter ellipsoidea recta obtusa 6 lin. longa basi calyce in- Sueate iscoideo cincta. In jugi Lo-fau-shan, prov. Cantonensis, loco unico, Ma-lau-t’ung (h. e. “ vallis arta et prerupta simiarum’’) dicto, nebulis semper obnoxio, sepius muscis obvallatum sed letissime florens, invenit scrutator oculeus rev. B. C. Henry, m. Maio 1883. (Herb. propr. n. 22205).

A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA. By J. G. Baxer, F.R.S., &c. i( Continued from vol. xxi., p. 336).

98. 8. etnata Spring Mon. ii. 211; Fl. Bras. i. 127, t. 7; Liphook Me marginatum H. B. K. — Stems trailing to a length of 2-3 ft., subterete, jointed at the nodes, copiously pinnate, with

s close on the branchlets, a aie on the stem, rather ascending, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 1- 12th + 1-8th in. long, rather rigid in texture, near equal-sided, ‘mbricated over the stem, with a spur-like auricle from the base on the upper gi which is shortly oot leaves of the upper piss one-third to one-half as long, oblique ovate, not cuspidate. Spikes }-4 in. jane, square ; birsicts ovate- -lahpoaciate: crowded, strongly keeled.

Hab. Guiana and Central Brazil. Humboldt’s original nee men was gathered on the banks of the Orinoco, not in Mexi

99. S. macroclada, n. sp. — Stems entirely trailing, reaching a length of 2 ft. or more, jointed at the nodes, acutely ee on both back and face, excurrent at the end, furnished with numerous excurrent alternate pinnately arranged branches, with Sontigaoes simple erecto-patent branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane close both on branches and branchlets, more or less ascending, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 1- 12th to 1-8th in. oti. moderately firm in texture, more produced on the upper side of the midrib,

where they are rounded and shortly ciliated, slightly imbricated

a ee ee ee te eT RE ae ere te reer pee.

FS gs A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA.

sda the an auricled at the base on the lower side; leaves of the per plane one-half to a as long, oblique ovate, acute, much sbrion ted. Spikes not s Bish. British Guiaiia. "Agia 802! Well-marked from sto-

sein and marginata by its plan of branching. 100. 8. P

appiciana Spring Mon. ii. 217, ex parte; S. Martensit hale in Lechler se Peruy. No. 2016, non Spring ; Laos Peppigianum Hook. rev., eX parte. — Stems trailing, 1-2 ft.

subok use, 4-% in. long, riche green and moderately firm in

oblong, with a aistinct cusp. Spies singe, ee in. long, diam. ; bracts oe acute, sharply keeled.

Hab. s, from New Granada to Peru

101. 8. Seaceans A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 880; 8. suavis é Peppigiana Spring, ex parte; Lycopodium radiculosum Kunze. — Stems trailing, a foot or more long, jointed at the nodes, flat on the back, bisulcate on the face, copiously apie: with eee: compound short erecto-patent branches. Leaves of the low plane spaced even on the branchlets, ascending, Haesolaie, sane 4-4 in. long, pave green, moder. ately firm in texture, a little more

per side i

one-third as long, oblique ovate, cuspidate, imbrica Spikes = in. long, ¢ lin. diam., square; bracts ovate- fiugeolnte, strongly

ne aa: Andes, from New Granada to Peru. Ver r 8. Peppigiana, from which it differs by its less unequal- sided anes distinctly auricled on the lower side at the base

102. S. canescens Fée Fil. Bras. 99, t. 108, fig. 2. — Stems trailing, 4 ft. long, flat on both back and face, pubescent, jointed at the nodes, ory meet with short flabellately compound

cuneate branches. Leaves of the lower plane close on the branchlets, spaced on the main stem, oblong-lan oe acute, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, more produced on the upper of the

upper plane one-half as long, ovate-lanceolate, minute, muc imbricated. Spikes not s

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glazion 4489 !

108 suavis Spring Mon. 216, ex parte; A. Br. in Crypt. tei Gran. 881.— 8S. Glaziovii Fée Fil. Bras. 239, tab. 75, fig.

. Stems tailing: a foot or more long, flat on the back, hen on

A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA. 25

a face, ites at the nodes, copiously pinnate, with sone ousl

poun ort cuneate branches. Leaves of the low lane atoas on the pew rs spaced on the main aie oblong- lanceolate, acute, }- in. long, bright green and moderately firm as xtur

' more produced on fis upper side of the midrib, bro nee ended

® and a little imbricated over the stem and shortly sibiated 2 on the upper side at the base, distinctly raat on the lower side; leaves of the upper plane a third as s long, oblique ovate, with a long ise

much imbricated. Spikes 1-3 in. long, square, 3-1 lin. diam

bracts ovate- mag me A strongly keeled. i

Hab. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou 4482! 4502!

104. §. suncata Spring Mon. ii. 214; Lycopodium sulcatum

i ozo Fl. Flum

ab. Var. cruenta Spring (S. aol Fée Fil. Bras. 280, non Spring) is a form with bright red sa and root-fibres. S. Hum- boldtiana A. Br. in Fil. Nov. Gran. 377, from the banks of the 0co, is said to differ from ciate by its more flaccid texture, rter base on the upper side of the leaves of the lower plane, and wer side with a longer auricle.

1 arFinis A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran. 380; S. Peppigiana

Big: wasiodats: irittiniad. s $4 in. bee square, racts ovate- ag stot eects keeled. uiana. close ally of S. Peppigiana and Kunzeana. rare species in cultivatio

S. sylvatica, n. sp.—Stems with the root-fibres confined the lower half, about a foot ‘eae, jointed at the nodes, flat on € back, bisuleate on the face, copiously pinnate, with copiously

mpound erecto-patent branches. Leaves of the lowe ape close uly at the tip of the branchlets, the upper as eccnting “ke e lower tent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4-4 in. long, almost neha

26 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA.

in texture, more produced on the upper side of the midrib, con- SeRabusly ciliated at the base, broadly rounded and imbricated over the stem on the upper side, slightly auricled on the lower; leaves of the upper plane a third a cee oblique oblong, with a long cusp. Spikes short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, strongly keeled

In shady woods near the town of Panama, Seemann 81!

8. A Spring Mon. ii., 104; Lycopodium diffusum

Preal, Ossie aes a foot long, trailing, jointed at the nodes, flat on the back, suleate on the face, copiously pinnate, the branches erecto-patent, the lower with 5-6 short eee Leaves ue e lower plane patent, ovate-deltoid, very a nate, 3-4 m rigid, bright green, conspicuously ciliated at the a Wade, more e produced on the upper side of the midrib, rounded at the base on the upper side, cordate and sinietea on the lower; leaves of the upper plane

a third as long, ovate-oblong, acuminate. Spikes short, square ; belts ovate-acuminate, strongly keeled.

— anama, Henke.

108. S. zuryyota A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran., 877.—Stems trailing, a foot or more long, intel at the nodes, flat on the back, bisulcate on the face, copiously pinnate, the short erecto-patent

ranches copiously compound. Leaves of the lower plane spaced even on the branches, ascending on the branchlets, lanceolate, acute, 4-4 in. long, bright green and moderately firm in texture, nearly equal-sided, not distinctly auricled nor viliated 1 nor imbri- cated over the stem at the base ; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, with a short ¢ cusp. Spikes copious, square, 4-4 in. long iam.; bracts ovate-cuspidate, strongly keeled. H ab. loath Rai, Hoffman mn 907! Guatemala, re 83!

Empire state, common in damp places, Sutton Hayes 228 . 8 mntowEes A. Br. in Planch. and Trian. “Cerne Nov.

auricled on both sides; leaves of the upper plane ae as long, oblique ovate, pacba: not cuspidate. Spikes }-} in. long, square, lin. ts ovate acute, atectigty keeled.

Hab. West Indies and Andes of Venezuela, New Granada, Eeuador and Bolivia. The locality of Moutitias, ‘given by Sieber ve me type, is no doubt a mistake. S. macrophylla A. Br., ‘ie cit-,

e Andes of Bolivia, seems to be a tas luxuriant variety 0 this ae. (To be continued.)

ee es

Fe eT ETE PR ee Te PEE ED ee RE ee Pe ee eT eee ee

27

‘ SHORT NOTES.

Prorerogyny In Eryturma capitata Willd.—Some observations which I have lately made on the opening flowers of Erythrea capitata Willd. var. <geeid sayin Towns. seem worthy of record.

length. After a while the corolla grows faster than the calyx, and, up to the time it has extended about one-eighth of an inch beyond the calyx tips, it remains closed, the tips of the petals meeting so closely that no opening between them is visible. But now another organ hurries its growth and steals a march upon the corolla. The tips of the petals are gradually forced away by the more rapid growth of the pistil, and the two flattened disks of the bifid stigma —up to this time pressed eat face to face—separate, expand, - and become exposed to vi Thus the plant is eminently pro- terogynous. Sometimes a ‘stigma- disks protrude a little beyond the corolla, but they are always tightly surrounded by the petals, so as effectually to prevent access to the stamens. After a few days the state of things is again changed; the growth of the germen is arrested for a while, while that of the corolla continues, so that in a few days it completely redevelopes and encloses a germen, hides the stigma-disks, and affords ores . them

or upper surface, which is a wise provision, for insects are attracted to the unopened flowers of the brighter colour, though no honey is prepared for them, and hence the blossom is more certainly fecun- dated. Only a few flowers of the flowering tuft open at atime. I have not noticed whether this peculiar mode of pri is com- mon to other species of Erythrea.—FReprericK TowNsEN

Carex Licerica Gay In Enexanp.—In the autumn ane 1878 Mr. J. Caithaah: of Helston, Cornwall, sent me a Carex labelled “‘ Carex arenaria, slender form. St. Mary’s, Scilly Isles, July, 1878, J. Cunnack.” Having occasion to carefully examine all my specimens of C. arenaria, I felt some doubt about the plant, and wrote to Mr. J. Lloyd, of Nantes, for living specimens of C. ligerica and C. Schreberi, which he o Bei kindly sent; when these rere it

28 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

determination, but considers it ml a variety or form of C. arenaria. Whether this is so or not, Nyman, in his ‘ Conspectus,’ accepts it as

a species, and places twenty-three species between it and C. arenaria, but this arrangement is due to its mode of inflorescence. I hope to grow it by the side of C. arenaria, and shall watch it under D Bea aera BENNETT.

Potyconum minus Huds. iy Camsrincesuire.—This plant, not acctea from the county since the time of Ray, grows in sess Washes, along the drift-way at the base of the oe Bank, the toll-house at Welches Dam to the Manea Eng I have n a found it growing in water, but by the sides oa ditehes and in damp places where the water has eae ee: ——ALFR R.

BurLevRuM apy aig Linn. INLAND IN pen IDGESHIRE.— Prof. Babington’s ‘ Flor fps. this is marked as extinct in the inland localities at Eltisley and Hinton Moor : in October, 1882, I found it growing plentifully at Water-gull Hill, Sutton, in the Isle of Ely. It extended over the bank of the lowered road the whole length of the hill; some plants growing on the highest and. dryest part, sixty or seventy feet above the level of the Fens, a considerable elevation in this flat country. The plants were very luxuriant, some being quite eighteen inches high. This station is very like Ray’s old Huntingdonshire locality at Great Stukely, where the plant may probably be agg far deg other annual

plants it does not appear every r not one could be found, although it is evidently alk leben from — great extent and varied nature of the ground it covered.—ALFrep Fryer.

Azou~a CaROLINIANA NATURALISED In Mippiesex. “This curious little re line: is just now to be seen in a very strange position on a ore pond near Pinner, Middlesex ; it is a native . Carolina,

d was brought to this country a a few years since to be erown in tanks made in greenhouses. In its present _pusitioe at Pinner it has succeeded in covering the pond, and the effect is

striking, as it voveiides the green chickweed [duckweed.] In tint is v

growing. —T. W. OpELL in ‘ Science Gab, Dec., 1883, p. 279.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

The Shakspere Flora. A Guide to all the principal passages in which mention is made of Trees, Plants, Flowers, and Vegetable Pro- ductions ; with comments and botanical oe ticulars. By Leo GRINDON. 883.

Manchester: Palmer &

Ir is five years since Mr. Ellacombe nee his volume on ‘The Plant-lore and Garden-craft of f Shakespeare,’ of which we

’ 2 NOTICES OF BOOKS. 29 -

spoke in commendation in this Journal for 1878 (p. 851). It may have ee doubted if there was room for another volume on the

mn a &. fo) ic) cf | o oe = 4 @ n S nm oO oO of se 8 AF Q¢ zo. Bb Qu ° B. ea) os © 2) >a o a 3 2 ic) Pee 5 i]

. Ellaco two in any way interfere with oneti other. Those who know ' Grindon’s style will expect to find in these pages a cracefully -written gacaen of trees and flowers, abounding with apt illustra- _ tion and classical reference, and they will not be disappointed. In some instances new light is thrown upon disputed Sy perce as

is

writers have evidently taken great pains. But it is to be regretted

that Mr. Grindon makes no reference to Mr. Ellacombe’s ae of

which he is not likely to have been ignorant, and which deserved a tion ;

ld. We are not quite clear that Mr. Grindon is right in supposing that the word “‘ eanker’’ was transferred to the Dog Rose from the Cynips with which oe shrub is so often affected ; it is the fruit of

e rose which e name in several counties, Nien in others the plant ‘6 “ealled asap and Heywood, writin 1636, calls it Canker-flower. The name‘ Dian’s bud,’ rialnoked iy Mr. Ellacombe, Mr. Grindon canada but does not identify.

Bape s jee die vorweltliche Entwickelung der Erdkruste und der Pflanz Grundziigen dargestellt, von Dr. Orro Kunze. icine Paul Frohberg. 4,

4 gE first portion of this work is occupied with a survey of _ geological time divided ao epochs of temperature. The whole period is separated into two, the inorganic and cryptobiotic period, during which the ee of the earth ranged between 1

and 40° C, and, dating from its shoes to the present time, the phenobiotic period. Both periods are subdivided into epochs of

chemically or biologically. The eryptobiotic period thus consists of three mace during the last of which lowly organisms made their appearance, but without leaving = trace of their existence. The phenobiotic period is divided into the Azonal-Marine and Zonal-Terrestrial apo the first oar nite and the second thrice

ea favourite doctrine of the marine growth of coal-measure vegetation. A sketch illustrative of these views is appended.

E have received a copy of Mr. Tudor’s extensive and inte- resting work entitled ‘ The Orkneys and Shetland,’ which has lately been published by Mr. Edward Stanford, of Charing Cross. The chapters on the Flora, seat more especially call for notice here, are by Messrs. W. Irvine Fortescue and Peter White respectively.

80 NOTICES OF BOOKS,

From the style of printing—each specific name beginning wi with a csistat letter—we should be inclined to think that the pees had been placed in somewhat unpractised hands, but this an editorial blunder. We regret, however, that Mr. Fuvkasods should not have printed here the list of Orkney plants which he has just completed in the ‘ deere > Sieg ’ instead of contenting iim. self ‘with an enumeration of the rarer species which have been verified by Dr. Boswell. "The Shetland list is fuller, but even less satisfactory, aa abounds in misspellings. In neither case is there

pp. 2-15) or Mr. Watson’s ‘ Florula Orcadensis ’ ce 1864, pp. 11- 20) so much as referred to. It is only right to add that the other portions of the book seem to have been much more carefully and oe done

Messrs. Cassett & Co. send us the Third Series of their ‘ Familiar Gave en Flowers’ and the Fourth of their ‘ Familiar Wild Flowers,’ which abt all the excellencies and all the defects. e a preceding volum The figures are, with some exceptions, , the Wood Sota, ,—pretty and accurate, so far as they g0; the hourres is inadequate, and might easily convey much more information without in any way sacrificing the popular style which is essential to works of this kind. In the ‘Garden Flowers,’ entaurea montana is figured as C. Cyanus, to which plant a the descriptive portion refers: the true C. Cyanus is given in the * Wild Flowers.’ We doubt if the plant figured as Potentilla alpestris 18, as Mr. Hibberd implies, the British species ae by that name; e nam feet seems an ee «English name’”’ for the plant. Mm ¢ is a true British plant, although Mr. Hibberd civ poeitirin us 5 & the contrary. Mr. Hulme’s treat- ment of the wild flowers is less open to criticism ae Mr. Hibberd’s init of dealing with the garden ones; but in neither case is see best use made of an wxcelliank opportunity for interesting people in familiar flowers.

We have received from Mr. F. T. Mott, of Leicester, a copy of a ain of twenty-five oblong pages, entitled ‘ The Fruits of all One Mr. Mott gives in tabular form a list of 515 “ fruits,” the ‘word in its popular, not its botanical sense, showing the native region of each, with the habit of the plant, the ae and qualities of the fruit, and an indication of what part of fruit is eaten; the popular name is added where a well- Ce ome rere A good deal of useful information has thus been brought oge

ew Booxs.—H. R. Goprerr, ‘Catalog der botanischen Museum der Tauvensitah Breslau’ io pp. vii. 54, 1 plate; Gorlitz, Remer).* —E. Burnat & A. Gremt, ‘ Catalogue raisonné des Hieracium des Alpes Maritimes’ (8vo, ou: 84: Datei, Georg). —J. DurrscHMiD,

* Contains figure and description of Agave Goeppertiana Jacobi, 2. sp.

ee eS ee

Ea

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 81

‘Die Flora yon Oberésterreich ’ (iii. Band: 8vo, p S

p. 454: Linz - Korb). — O. Herrwie, ‘ Die 7 mbiose oder das Guliosnaiiactate:

: rahe of Phy ete alben .). — ‘ British Orchids

leben im Thierreich’ (8vo, . 50: 1 plate: Jena, Fischer).— . A. Saccarpo & G. BizzozEro, ‘ “(Worn Briologica della Venezia’ (8vo, pp. 111: Venezia, Antone li).

ArticLes in Journats.—DEcEMBER.

American Journal of Science. — A. Gray, ‘ Botanical Nomen- clature.

American Natur alist. — J. M. Coulter, ‘Development of a Dandelion Flower.’ — J. F. J ames, ‘ Position of Composite and Orchidee in the Natur al System.’ — C. EH. Bessey, ‘A new insect- destroying Fungus’ (Entomopthora calopteni, n.sp.). — J. B. Ellis, ‘On Crgtencapbrangtins and Restelia.’ — W. Frear, ‘ peste: of Cell-wall in Cotyledonous Starch. cells of Lima Bean Ae: Ellis & G. Martin, ‘New Florida rhs (Aylographum pucreieae, Pezza gelatinosa, Helotium maculosum ents manea, M. crypto- carpa, Asterina ae A. carnea, spp.

. Hist.—M. J. Berkeley i ©. E. Broome, ‘ Notices of British ira’ (Laccaria, gen. nov., to include Agaricus laccatus A. bellus, and allies; Agaricus ns -epidotus) Raljsti, A. (Psathyra) eee Stereum stratosum, spp. DN.).

1 Gazette (Nov.). — W. G. Farlow, ‘ Peronosporee of

tea United ‘States’ (conel.).

Botanische Zeitung (Nov. 28, 30).—E. Fischer, ‘ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gattung Graph ’—(Dec. 7). A. F. W. Schimper, ‘Er ‘ Hinige cea are ae zu Delpino’s

eoria Generale deity’ Fillotassi. Pig 4): J. Goroschankin,

3 ‘Zur Kenntniss der Corpuscula bei den eta are —A. : Hansgirg, ‘ Ueber die gion pe der Oscillar

Botanisches Centralblatt (nos. 48-51). ih "Pick, ‘ Bedeutung des rothen Farbstoffes bei den Phanerogamen und die Beziehungen desselben zur Stirkewanderung’ (1 plate).

Botaniska Notiser.—C. Melander, ‘ Bidrag till Vesterbottens och

3 Lapplands flora..— A. L. Grénvall, ‘ Bryologiska “era — EH.

Ljungstrém, ‘ Carduus acanthoides L. Xx crispus,’—J. O. B. N. Krok, 1882.’

_ ‘Svensk botanisk literatur

Flora (Nov. 11 & 21).— P. Kriiger, ‘ Die anne ee und

4 tionsorgane der Orchideen in ihren Beziehungen zu _ Standort’ (cont.).—P. G. Strobl, < — der Nebroden’ renee rr ’ Le Ws

(Dec. Nylander, ‘ Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam

q europeam ’ (several new species, includ ing Lecidea contenebrica

ans Nyl., from Red Screes, adem and Verrucaria globosa Tayl. inss. from ‘ Blackwater in Hibernia.’) Garden (Dec. 1). — Oncidium me (ic. pict.).—(Dee. 8 G. Nicholson, ‘ The fore sa (M. parviflora, ic. pict. Sig he (a5), 8 (fig merset- e.’ — Crossandra sadedafols (ic. pict.). — (Dee. 22). utisia ).

_ decurrens (ic. pict.

82 BOTANICAL NEWS.

Gardeners’ Chronicle (Dec. 1). ro tat Burkei Rebb. f., Cypripedium , Rehb. f., spp. nn. — W. B. Hemsley, ‘ Aus- tralian seed-vessels.’—-G. Murray, ‘ The Potato Disease. ’—(Dee. 8). Galeandra A aot Rehb. f., sp. n.——Caraguata sanguinea (fig.

127).— W. G. Smith & C. B. ’ Plowright, The Potato Disease.— (Dec. 15). Adiantum Wiegandii Moore, sp. n.—Desmodiwm penduli- oo (fig. 188).--C. B. Plowright and G. Murray, The Potato

Disease. — Cestrum nocturnum (fig. 188). — (Dec. 22). G.-Pim, ‘AY mould on Ensilage.’ — Oncidium Jonesianum Rehb. f., n. sp. — C. T. Druery, ‘ Proliferous Athyria.”. —J. L. Jensen & W. G. Smith, “ge Potato Disease.— (Dec. 29). Oncidium eurycline Rehb. f,

n. sp. ic ae ‘ eee pitchers.’ — Ipomea Thomsoniana at sp. n. (fig. 1

Magyar Nov. sonets —A. Kanitz, ‘Anemone angulosa.’

Midland Naturalist. —W.B. Grove, ‘Fungi of Birmingham’ — (second list).

Seca — W. B. Turner, ‘Algw of Strensall Common’ (1 pla

re Sass 22).—W. J. Ei Wharton, ‘ Mangrove as a destruc- tive aoe

terr. Bot. Zeitschrift,—J. Velenovsky, fe Pflanzen- arten ’ ” (Elieraciwm 2 etsy fi; Biting ita spp. n aiid Bs Wiesbaur, ‘ Bosnische Rosen.’ — V. v. Borbas, ‘ Stipa eriocmalias —_ M. Krénfeld, ‘ Zur Flora von Niederisterreich.’ —P. G. Strobl, ‘Flora des Etna’ (cont.). loos oeg- peo Journal (Nov. 24 & Dec. 22). — HE. M. Holmes, ‘Vegetable Tallow from Singapore.’ — (Dec. 1). Obituary of J. E. Howard Bes 15). W.T. T. Dyer, ‘ Vegetable Tallow.’

is _ Ratenaee anata .—E. D. Marquand, ‘ Moss-hunting at the Land's

BOTANICAL NEWS.

The ee is as flow * $s GARD be, Linn. Soc., horum hortorum ab anno 1843 ad 1849 ( Costa. rei ei heat peritus, viarum strenuus, flores, herbas, arbores utriusque orbis diligentissime scrutatus est. Qui utin memoriam habeatur hoc cenotaphium posuerunt amici Taprobanenses a. d. 1855. Obit in urbe Nuwara Eliya a. d. vi. Id. Mart. anno 1849, etat. 87.”

We regret that the demands on our space cause the postpone-

ment of the Linnean Society’s proceedin bit otices, and other matter, waitil Our ness Leet. a srataretsced Oe

83

e

_ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDEZ. By Tuomas Hick, B.A., B.Se.

(Puates 248 & 244.)

Tue observations on which this paper is based were commenced some years ago, but owing to the pressure of other work were in-

tion. € specimens employed in the investigation were partly sun- . dried and partly fresh, the former having béen found in the majority _ of instances quite as demonstrative as the latter. Indeed most of ' the histological details described, even some of the more refined anner

_ ones, were made out in a satisfactory and convincing m

1. CaLLITHAMNION. The genus Callithamnion includes a number of small but pretty _ Rhodosperms, whose general appearance and organisation are well ’ known to the marine algologist. Fundamentally they consist of

* “ Ueber den Bau und das Wachsthum der Zellhiute,” p. 246

table Cells,” by Walter Gardiner, B.A., loc. cit., April, 1883. Journat or Borany.—Von. 22. [Fepruary, 1884.] »

t “Plant Cells and Living Matter,” by Louis Elsberg, M.D., loc. cit., January, 883; “On Pl i ower, M ct

5

34 ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDEX.

repeatedly branched filaments, composed of a single row of cells, joined end to end, the whole often forming a delicate feathery fr in Ww * . . .

m e. g., C. Rothii, retain this comparatively simple structure through- out the whole frond ; but in others some degree of vege pe 1s

composed of descending filaments, which become adherent to the main axis. In C. roseum these filaments arise from the bases of the lateral branches, are few in number, and are confined to the stouter portions of the stipes and its primary branches. They do no become interwoven so as to form a complete investment, but remam isolated, and run for the most part parallel to the stronger filameut to which they are attached. In C. arbuscula and C. tetragonum, which are among the most robust forms, they are much mo numerous, and become so closely felted together as to form a cortex of considerable thickness compared with the central filament which it envelopes. : ery little examination of the Callithamnions is needed in order

to demonstrate the existence of protoplasmic continuity in every part of the frond.

In Callithamnion Rothii the contents of each cell are connected joneteaatma ly. with those of the next by a single fine protoplasmic thread..

ends they swell out considerably, or rather remain uncontracted. A single connecting thread of protoplasm proceeds from the centre of

the other right through the end walls of the contiguous cells. Con- tinuity is brought about therefore by means of single threads, and not by several such, as occurs in the sieve tubes of Dicotyledons. | In the lateral branches continuity o imilar character 18 equally evident, and it is frequently possible to trace it from ¢e to cell along the whole length of a branch. Moreover, the protoplasm of the basal cell of a branch is in the same manner connected with that of the axial cell from which it arises. So also the cells of the cortical filaments have their protoplasmic bodies united, no one with another, but also with that of the basal cell of the branch from which they take origin. The connecting threads grow with

‘ ns will have any difficulty in convincing himself that the normal condition 15 one of uninterrupted continuity throughout the whole frond.

pedioeh

ON PROTOPLASMIO CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDEX. B5

connecting the mass which is subsequently converted into tetra- spores, with that of the cell, of which it forms a lateral appendage. t will be obvious that this is a case of protoplasmic continuity of a like nature to that which obtains in the vegetable cells. It may he added that the tetraspores themselves are for a time connected together in a similar manner. In illustration of these details Plate 243, figs. 1, 2 may be con- ted. From this it will be seen that at the point ‘where the con- toma thread passes through the transverse partition there is ‘a small lenticular body, whose optical appearances differ from those of the protoplasm. It is so small in the Callithamnions that it is not easy to determine its true natnre, but from what occurs in hey Rhodosperms, where the connections are on a much lar er scale, there is reason to believe that it is a geek ae thickening of the cellulose wall through zt the thread pass still more remarkable exhibition of yea pIASIIG continuity than the preceding is that pheahise by Callithamnion arbuscula. Here, as previously Sie ancd the Bupes is densely corticated, and the whole lab attains larger dimensions. The organ nisation of

ns. this be be me which is represented on Plate 248, fig. 3. This shows that the cells of the central portion of the stipes are of considerable size, and are clothed with a dense felted mass of cortical filaments,

oblique direction. The protoplasm of each axial cell is unmis- Sakiily connected with that of the cells stots ‘ead below it. The nature of that connection is at times peculiar. The protoplasm of caeh cell is ange more or less about the middle of the cell, and is dilated at the ends, as described in Callithamnion roseum. The dilated ae occasionally appear to be hollowed out, like the bell-end of a trumpet, and from the centre of the hollow the connecting cord of eekoplaain passes onwards to the transverse wall. At the point

where the cord passes through the partition it is enclosed in a sort of thickened ring or collar, and in some instances the cord presents _ a striated appearance

_ _. The very thick cortex is as remarkable from the point of at : _ this paper as is the central siphon, The filaments of which i composed exhibit continuity throughout, and present a aie: characteristic appearance. Some idea of this may be gathered from fig. 8, but it is hardly possible to do eur to it in a drawing. _ With scarcely an exception the fine c ds are provided a small collar, and this usually re remaina han the thread is

__ A further point to be noticed is that similar connections exist btsncan, th the al cells of the stipes and those of the prim

_ branches, and between the cells of the primary branches and those

of the secondary branches, so that from the base or point of

_ attachment of the frond to the freely growing tips of the ultimate

branches the ete of the protoplasm is in the normal con-

dition, unbroken

36 ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDES.

The only other species in my possession are C. bysso oides and C. polyspermum, in both of which similar phenomena are to be met with.

2. PotysreHonta. er ey from Callithamnion we may ote a nite in reference to

aspects. The thallus consists of long delicate filaments of a deep | red colour, from which lateral branches, having similar characters,” arise sympodially. Examined eee every filament and every branch is found to : organised as follows :—In the centre of the filament is an axial row of cylindrical aan, placed end to end, which constitutes the “ seaiittal siphon’? of marine algologists. Completely aby ess this are four so-called “cortical siphons” running parallel with it, a a ed of similar cells, arrang' in a similar a ner. Thec of the ‘ cortical se agree have a somewhat greater diameter an those of the centre, but they are equal to them in length, and are so placed that their transverse partitions coincide with those of the axis. The filament may be said therefore to be articulated, er section being composed of a central ie enclosed by four cortical

plate 248, fig. 4, which Bi eos a i boeGion of the nua mee seen in optical longitudinal section. At (a) is a ae of the central siphon, and at (6) ete cells of ey cortical sipho

Th

thread j is pe siiolkate in its composition, it ought to noted that it is often destitute of granules,

xt point to be n oticed is that the protoplasm of the ociitral Sar is siiseesd by short lateral processes with the proto- plasm of the cortical cells. This is shown at (c). These processes are similar to those already described, and are generally situated

ee

a toe

ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDEX. — 37

near the middle of the cell, but not always at exactly the same ~

vel. si i le fastigiata is constructed on a plan which is f mentally the same as that of P. ureeolata. The thallus const of. a repeatedly bravithed earners sensed throughout of a entr a surrounded by a number of ‘ cortical siphons.”’ pasar the ends of the central alls coincide with those of the cortical ones. Tie mode of branching 1 is, however, dichotomou us, and the

twen The modifications met with in the different siphon cells are As ai we more considerable than any that occur in the species just ei ed.

As regards protoplasmic peers there is ie same primary agreement accompanied by secondary difference The proto- plasmic bodies of the siphon ecllk are connected lovigitndinally by single cords of the same material, which pass through the end nt contiguous cells. In the case of the central cells these are

a 2 ;

collar, as in the cases previously described. The longitudinal connecting threads of the cortical siphons are much finer than those of the central one, and are we eranular in appearance. There is, however, 6n each of them a collar at eer the mid point. These details are represented in in Plate 2438, fig.

ere again, then, we have a protoplasmic coe en ity in the longitudinal direction quite as striking as that of Callithamnion. But this is not the only direction in which such a continuity exists, for, af in Polysiphonia urceolata, there is a lateral continuity ae The peculiar features of this lateral continuity give qui oliarnctar to the central eee cells of P. fastigiata, which has sik been «ahora in other spec

na young conditian these cells would seem to be mor

or less oiindea in shape, and the protoplasm fills up the whole of the lumen of the cell. As the cell grows older the wall becomes thickened. The thickening, ower | is not uniform, but varies in different parts in such a manner that the protoplasm ultimately assumes the shape of a teetotum, whose heave is ig or poo on the upper and lower surfaces (Plate 243, fig. 5). B ssuming this shape the protoplasm of each cell does not hes 5 aliggsthee isolated. On the contrary, a number of lateral processes—one for each cortical cell — radiate away through the thickening layers

the cortical cells which surround it, the whole fo Si a Be an inter- connected system, whose > etokonlaaiits continuity is roken.

Ulby. 18 Plate 248, fig. 5, will afford an idea of the arrangement PaRLET - as seen in optical longitudinal section.

88 WORCESTERSHIRE PLANTS AND “TOPOGRAPHICAL BOTANY.”

p-like thi aperture through which the thread passes. . Within the collar a delicate diaphragm make sits appearance in the older parts, and both collar and iaphragm grow in diameter as the protoplasmic

carries with it both collar and diaphragm, though not always. In e latter cases the diaphragm presents itself as a very delicate oval membrane, with a thickened margi

(To be continued.)

WORCESTERSHIRE PLANTS AND “TOPOGRAPHICAL BOTANY.” By Wim Marnews, M.A.

Every student of the distribution of the plants of the British Isles must have examined the pages of the 2nd edition of ‘ Topo- graphical Botany,’ to ascertain how far they exhibit an adequate picture of the flora of the district with which he is most familiar.

ave performed the task for the county of Worcester, and submit to the readers of the ‘Journal of Botany’ the results of the comparison.

The materials for the flora of the county are contained in ‘The Botany of Worcestershire,’ by my friend Mr. Edwin Lees (Wor- cester, 1867); ‘The Botany of the Malvern Hills,’ by the same author (London and Malvern, 1868); and the ‘ Flora of the Clent and Lickey Hills,’ by the present writer (2nd edition, London and

Lees’ volumes, from the fact that plants from t Joming counties of Gloucester, Hereford, Salop, Stafford, and probably ck, have been uded in his lists where the plants were

queried for the county in ‘ To : ie se are additions to the list. pographical Botany’; the remain

ae ee eee a ee ee

WORCESTERSHIRE PLANTS AND ‘‘TOPOGRAPHICAL BOTANY.” 89

Ranunculus ee Fries. (Floating leaves with wedged- shaped segments.) Uffmoor, Halesowen, 1863! Bittel Reservoir, Alvechurch, 1876 !—R. archos Chaix. rte pire Feckenham, 1871 !—R. penicillatus Dumort. Form pseudo-fluitans Newbould. Omitted from Worcester and Stafford. Almost certainly in Worcester, certainly in Stafford. JI have specimens from Stafford, gathered within a few yards of the boundary of the county of Worcester, in a stream at ‘Harborne Reservoir, near Bir- mingham, 1868 ae Lenormandi Schul oe re Common, Shang scat 1871! The Birches, Hagley, 871

Beetdacl niente DC. Hurecott Wood, Ridden ven 1846; iene Lickey, 1850! North “Hill, Malvern, Mr. R. F. Town- drow, 1872! One of the characteristic plants of the Malvern Hills.

Finaria confusa Jord. Allotment Gardens, Malvern Link, R. F. T., 1888

? Lepidium latifolium L. Queried for Worcester. Discovered in 1852, by the Rev. J. H. Thompson, on the banks of the River Satwat, at Droitwich (see Bot. of Wore., p. 87). Same loc. 1877, Rev. J. H. T.!

Barbarea stricta Fr. Bromwich, bn taee 1888. BR: F.T.8 (see Journ. Bot., 1880, p. 874) ; Musior Farm, Halesowen, 1838 !

Sinapis Cheiranthus M. & K. ‘* Casual or doubtful.” Sutton

_- Common, Kidderminster, 1874! ee

Polygala vulgaris L. Malve many places, R. F. T.! Bewdley, 1846! Ridge Hill, Mariley, 1858 |—P. depressa Wend. Numerous localities in north of county, 1846 to 1882!

agina ciliata Fr. Blakedown, Kidderminster, 1848; Hagley i807 1883, F. Arnold Lees! Also in Stafford, Kinver Edge,

A a

lotus arvensis Willd. Wolverley, 1853! Frankley, 1871! Goods sidings at Stourbridge Junction Railway Station, 1875-6-7! otentilla verna Li. Malvern, 1888, R. F. T.! eum tntermedium Ehrh. Lower Sapey, pet Illey, Hales- owen, 1850! Harris’s os bare

Rubus sazatilis L. Queried for Stop; : ° Wyre Forest, 1846! Wyre Forest is in the Site counties of Worcester, Salop, and Stafford. Certainly growing in 1846 in the Shropshire part

R. Salteri Bab., 8. calvatus Blox. Aut a Forest, Worcester, 1854!

macrophyllus W. & N. Form £. Bab. Man., 8th edit. Wyre Forest, 1851! 1854! Twiland Wood, Frankley, 1871; Little Farley Wood, Halesowen, 1871 !—R. Spreng elit Weihe, a. ' Bortei.

:. Warley, Halesowen, 1873 !—R. Bloxamii Lees. Shrawley Wood, r

or I—R. Radula Weihe. Uffmoor Wood, Halesowen, 1871 !—R. diversifolius Tin Wannerton Downs, Kidderminster, 1849 Agrimonia odorata Mill. Tidsley Wood, Pershore, 1855! Hunnington, eget! ie Westwood Park, Droitwich, 1859! Shrawley Wood, Miss Moore, in Herb. Towndrow, 1 ‘pilobium tetragonum es ata, Witley Court Plantations,

ait a 40 WORCESTERSHIRE PLANTS AND ‘* TOPOGRAPHICAL BOTANY.’

1846! Newland, Malvern, R. F. T., 1883!—E. obscurum Schreb. Common in the north-east of the county. Many localities ! Myriophyllum spicatum L. Pools near Kidderminster, 1882 ! Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Queried as C. platycarpa. Common. Apium graveolens L. ‘* Worcester, perhaps wild.” Droitwich Canal, 1859! Locally abundant in south of county. (See Bot. of Wore.).

Galium erectum Huds. Banks of Bewdley and Kidderminster Railway, 1883, . Lee a panel carinate Lh oisel. Omitted from Worcester and r

remarkable, as the plant is recorded in Lelghton s ‘Flora of eect 1841, and the original specimens are in the Cambridge Herbarium

Hieracium murorum L. (true). North Wood, Bewdley, 1850! Wyre Forest, Wore., 1858! Fenny Rough, Stone, 1883 !— H. vulgatum Fr. Common in the north of” the county. Many

Barkhausia tarawacifolia Mench. Malvern Link, 1883, R.F.T.! Railway bank, Kidderminster. Dr. Fraser, 1883 !

Serophuleves Ehrharti C. A. Stev. Severn Side, Shrawley, R. F. T., 1888!

Linavia repens Ait. Clent Hill, 1883! Recently cic a, Mr. J. W. Oliver.—L. minor Desf. Field near Trench Wood, 1

Orobanche minor Sutt. (true). Wick, near Pershore, 1957 | Malvern, 1878, R. F. T.!

yosotis sylvatica Ehrh. Droitwich, 1856! Manor Farm ee 1858! 1883! Twiland Wood, Frankley, 1858 ! Alve- church, 1858 ! Aioys Saat Se nd.

Glénie “tiavitina ; of the * eaggease plants of the saline waters of Droitwich hee Bot. of Wore., p. 86). Porter’s Mill, near Worcester, 1878, Rev. J. H. Thom

Rumex pratensis M. & K, Wannerton ae Kidderminster, 1849! By the Teme, at Ham Bridge, 1853!

Orchis ustulata L. Near West Malvern, 1888, R. F. T.! — O. latifolia L. (0. maialis Reich.). Leigh, Malvern, 1888, R. F, T.! Queried for Worce

Polygonatum eta ovios All, Fenny mAs Stone, 1883! Recently discovered by Mr. F. Arnold Lee

Potamogeton Aadalleans Bab. In the Sigur ‘below Kidderminster. near the Bewdley rosea Viaduct, 1875! fide C. C. B.—P. obtusifolius Koch. Malvern Link, R. F.T. , 1881! oe at ae Rev. J. H. T., — — Pp, mn ive (true ). Veryec

Juncus Gerardi Lois. ows Saldings, near Droitwich, 1856! Canal side, Droitwich, 1856

Scirpus Tabernamontani Aa Westwood Park, Droitwich, 1859!

Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe. Wyre Forest, Wore., 1847!

? Carex axillaris Good. Queried for Worcester, Secsmas St

herrard’s Green, Malvern, 1883, R. T.!— C. binervis Sm

4

GENERIS RUBORUM SPECIEM NOVAM. | 41

No authority = Bp pe na Craycombe Hill, 1859! Bromsgrove Lickey; Winw ath.

the 51 Bi enumerated in the above list 49 have certainly been al in the county of Worcester. Of these, 48 are w omitted, either as epoues or subspecies, from the comital aogier in the 2nd edition of + Topographical Botany.’ The remaining sev are branded with i or other expressions of uncer acute, Among the omissions are some well-defined species which have been known in the county as familiar inhabitants for upwards of thirty years.

t would be interesting to learn whether the records for other

ties are equally defective. If such be the case, 1 venture to

coun _ suggest to the able editors of the volume the advisability of pre- of

ty paring for a third edition, by printing lists hae desiderata for

each county, and circulating the lists among local botanists ne

to supply them. The expense would net be great, as it would sufficient to print the specific numbers only.

ad included in the list of omissions all the omitted plants recorded elsewhere occurring in Worcestershire, the number

- would at least have been doubled. I have refrained from noting m

any such ei as they are not vouched by authentic specimens

wn possession. Some species, on the other hand, admitted

as elahianis of the county, have scarcely established a permanent claim to that distinction. I mention two,

; in the hope _ of stimulating further search for them. In the year ise, “he late

Mr. Alexander Irvine, author of the ‘ Illustrated Handbook of British Plants,’ and then editor of the ‘ Phytologist,’ announced

_ the discovery, in a mill-pond near Churchill railway-station,

ay of both British a of Elatine (see ‘ Phytologist ’ for April,

: 1858, vol. ii., p. 401). In‘ Topogrephien Botany,’ under the head

). of Woreester, they appear < follow ‘* Flatine hewandra. o a One locality.

a

that “ sent ‘the record on Irvine’s authority. Since the year

1858 every oa wear in par locality, and there are many of them, s been repeatedly examined by sampekint botanists, without

at the eae ea of either specie

GENERIS RUBORUM SPECIEM NOVAM. Proponit H. F. Hancz, Ph.D.

14 git ““ Rubus IpmopaTus, ELLIPTICI ?) aralioides, sp. nov.— Ram _ teretibus aa osis tomento brevi intermixtis glandulis supriges ‘ vestitis aculeis brevibus e basi lata recurvis v. rectiusculis es

stipulis petiolaribus setaceis integerrimis hirsutis, foliis pinn trifoliolatis petiolo communi 2-8 pollicari parce aculeato einceivede

_ et capitato-glanduloso foliolis mollibus ovatis acuminatis crebre

42 GENERIS RUBORUM SPECIEM NOVAM.

cuspidato-serratis supra pilosulis subtus pallidioribus breviter | tomentosis et glandulosis tenuiter penninerviis costa subtus acu- | leolata tetera kz basi rotundatis vel truncatis brevissime petiol ’ ulatis 2-8 poll. longis terminali basi ae 24-4 or :

_ denticulatis 2 ln. longis, staminibus calyci fere eequilongis, receptaculo piloso, ovariis numerosissimis oblongis compressis glaberrimis stylo 4-5 plo shibategi Ad rivulos, infra torr on Suk-tin in-mun, jugi Lo-fau-shan, prov. Cantonensis, alt. 1000} ais Maio 18838, leg. rev. B. C. Henry (Herb. propr. n. 22211). Deficiente Sadha fruc pulcherrime hujus stirpis locum syste eedh: non absque ee statui. Inter omnes tamen notes =~ cies R. elliptico Sm. proxima videtur, etsi sane dis- tincti ssim | fionteniten ex imperio sinensi Rubos in proprio herbario |

1, Rubus {Malachobatus, moluccani) reflecus Ker. Kwang-tung: 2. R. (Malachobatus, moluccani) rugosus Sm. Kwang-tung. 8. R. (Malachobatus, moluccani) pacificus Hance. Kiang-si. F. Biirgeri, Miq.! appropinquandus. 4, R. (Malachobatus, elongati) ochlanthus Hance. Kwang-tung- 5. R. (Malachobatus, elongati) tephrodes Hance. iang-si. } : R. (Malachobatus elongati) sp. Kwang-si. Precedent

7. R. (Malachobatus, elongati) Fordii Hance. Kwang-tung.

8. R. (Malachobatus, elongati) Parkeri Hance. §Sz-ch‘uan

9. R. (Malachobatus, hexagyni) Swinhoitt Hance. Formosa.

10. R. (Malachobatus, hexagyni ?) jambosoides Hance. Fo-kien

11. R. (Batothamnus, here corchor ifolius Linn. f Kwang-tung, Che-kiang, Kian

12. R. (Batothamnus corchorsfolia) ee Cia Hance. Fo-kien.

om a se: ea crategifolius Chib-li

tus, rosifolii) rosifolius ‘Sm. Varie provincie.

15. ft i raatoen. rosifolit) Thunbergit 8. & Z. Kiang-su.

a6, fy cee acted idai) leucanthus Hance. Kwang-tung- A cl. Dre. Focke * inter Eubatos, oligogynos, locatus.

17. R.(Ideobatus hypargyri) triphyllus Thunb. Varie Cie.

ot R. oe hypargyri) triphyllus Thunb., 8. suid

Han ang-su. 19. R. pape: elliptici) aralioides Hance. Kwang-tung. preichiaey Me Tr

* Abhandl, naturwiss. Ver. zu Bremen, 4 Bd. 2 Heft, 193.

48

Bans lak cae IN THE COUNTIES OF PEMBROKE 7 AND GLAMORGAN.

By A. G. Mors, F.L.S.

Dunrine last August I made, with my sister, a short tour in South Wales, and I think th at a few of the plants which we observed may be worth notice in the ‘ Journal of Botany.’

At anp azsout St. Davin’s Town.

Leonurus Cardiaca. Borago officinalis. Teucrium Chamedrys. Verbena officinalis. Antirrhinum majus. Mentha rotundifolia. Centranthus ruber. ~ Rumex pulcher. Petroselinum sativum. Marrubium vulgare. Teucrium Chamedrys. Krodium moschatum. Dianthus Armeria. Parietaria ete

qui Leonurus is well established on a stone wall in the ard of a cottage near Whitesand Bay.

AT AND NEAR TO WHITESAND Bay.

Erodium maritimum. Convolvulus Soldanella.

Festuca arundinacea. Sdoica columbinum. i0. isii. Carex muric

Cotyledon Umbilicus. Evbdiem moschatum.

This is a very poor locality for maritime plants.

Cotonists 1s Sanpy Fimtps near Warresanp Bay.

Silene anglica. Scleranthus annuus. Papaver hybridum. Laminm epee hinum Orontium Stachys an

Lycopsis arvensis. Pashortac] Raphanisteum. Kchium vulgare. Spergula arvensis.

aria confusa Valerianella dentata. Papaver Rheas. VeronicaBuxbaumii. Centaurea Scabiosa. Linaria Elatine.

__ At Whitesand Bay ve sought long and repeatedly for Cyperus _ longus without finding it, though furnished, through the kindness of Mr. Britten, Bi whit seemed most exact direct ons the

a the use _ only conjecture that modern alterations, raat slight, have Ted _ to the extirpation of the plant.

44 PLANTS GATHERED IN PEMBROKE AND GLAMORGAN.

The British Museum label reads :—‘‘ July 28. 1778 Pembroke. | | shire, two miles from St. Davids by the side of a small rivulet ina | place ealld White sand Bay } a mile South of St. Davids oe 7 between that and a farm house ‘call Trelethen and not above fof 7 a mile up the rivulet from the sea: it grew in one place only ina | clum rr The stream is small and easily wee and the yng oer the

eulty, especi e were quite familias with its iniponratiil n't the Isle of Wiehe fodialitie es. There is a road crossing the little > rivulet at about the ie distance from the sea, and along the stream below this point a bank has been thrown up, dividing

look likely ground, and wet slopes on which some barren stems of

the Open: might s still linger; but above and below this little bri » anes = along the stream we sought most carefully, without fetta of the Cy ues: and I fear the one patch observed 1778 has bases to exis

At Sr. Davi’s Heap.

Statice occidentalis. Sor ie subulat Sedum Telephium. Allium anesicpenanae Genista pilosa. var. Sibiricum.

In the case of Genista pilosa we were more fortunate, though at first this laut quite eluded us, through the incorrect dese ription of | its locality given in the ‘ Botanist’s Guide.’ It does not grow the very western extremity of St. Davids Head”; and with t misleading direction we spent the best part of two days in search- ing the extreme ee itself ; that is the most Mica pore which is cut off, as a fort, by an ancient wall and trench. Here was no trace of Genista pilosa, and it was only on the last day of our visit, when walking along the southern slope of the promontory; a good half-mile from nhs apes that we succeeded in one of the best plants of St. David’s. The Genista is is local, and not very abundant, but we and it scattered for a hundred yards or two among the heather, close to where the Brake (Pter aquilina) begins to vary the costes of the grassy hill. Only 4

very few blossoms were in flo ower

the — It is quite restricted to a sp ess chasis a rate and I must confess that, rekon a in finding such & rarity; I could not help reme: g any others of ee

PLANTS GARERESH IN PEMBROKE AND GLAMORGAN. 45

_ where associated with, or in the vicinity of, ruins or cultivation. mil

Si at Killarney, — Scorodoprasum is too closely con- nected with the rides s the ‘‘ Monk alks,’’ and in Ire- land has only one other very rode station, near Cork. So that, a. cases, we are probably dealing with relics of very ancient slang re from the time of the early Celt: ritons, Ww scarcely an objection that the tive or

AT AND NEAR TO DowrocG Poot. Aira TE Littorella lacustris.

Cicendia filifor Heliosciadium inundatum. cae Millgrans. Scirpus fluitans. Scirpus Savi Drosera rotundifolia.

entha Pulegium Valva rotundifolia.

] 8 J Hepanenne 1 Elodes. Sparganium simplex. Mentha I

Pilularia globulifer Alisma ranuinee Rha, var. repens. : Of these Cicendia, frequent also on moist heathy ground to the _ west of St. David’s , finds here its northern limit in Wales. Aira uligi- _ nosa, plentiful in many places round Dowrog Pool, is new to West | a Alisma repens, with its large flowers and often growing in _ the water, on oe easily be mistaken for A. natans. Littorella new | to ee gers occurs in one place by the soadande cowardly | Bt. Fassnisa s Chapel. Erodium moschatum is frequent, so are 4 ect ne and Calamintha officinalis in the nelibhoorkaed Fo : At Parlonks we spent a few days, and found in and about

PremsBrokeE Castte Rourns.

Linaria Cymbalaria. Petroselinum segetum. Calamintha officinalis. mest didyma. Cheiranthus Cheiri. Pyre ss rum Parthenium (ray- Antirrhinum majus. Linaria vulgaris. Grobaitehe re pat Centranthus ruber. Festuca M

mex pulcher. Conium iakehlatgin: Ceterach officinarum. Arabis hirsuta.

Quite a different series from the list given for St. David’s, _ whereas, 4 On Haverrorpwest Castie,

Diplotaxis tenuifolia. Cheiranthus Cheiri.

q _ were the only two noticed in passing.

Atone tHe Saut-waTeR CREEK BELOW PEMBROKE. Statice rariflora. Inula Conyza. 8. D ii Dipsacus sylvestris. Artemisia maritima. *Centranthus ruber,

46 SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE MOSSES.

Aster Tripolium. Malva oes

Glaux maritima. Arabis

Chenopodium maritimum. “Glematis Vitalba (not ve).

Erigeron acris. Helminthia echioides.

Near THE ‘** Exicue Stacks.”

plete Dodartii. Inula crithmoides. Picris hieracioides. Calamintha, officinalis um. Centaurea Scabiosa (cliff at Lavatera arborea. St. Gowan’s).

In tHe Gower Peninsuta.

Helianthemum canum. Carduus crispus. Geranium sanguineum. Arctium intermedium. Clinopodium vulgare. Pyrus Aria.

Inula Conyza. Ligustrum vulgare. Viola hirta. Solanum Dulcamara. Erodium ae eee ata

Inula Helen Cornus sanguine Agrimonia Seria Lithospermim perpen Rubia peregrina. ruleu

On the west wall of Pennard Castle we had no difficulty in finding the neat little rosettes of Draba aizoides. The whole district appeared to be very rich in calcareophilous Se enet and I was quite

surprised to meet with Agrimonia odorata at a ch Bay, the only

Oo ea athyrus sylvestris still flourishes on the cli Caswell Bay ; and near the Mumbles I saw xain the same as ich grows so abundantly near ks, wi

which, in its dense spikes and usually the absence of barre? pemepnaiar seems to agree better with S. Dodartii than with %.

SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE MOSSES.

By James Saunpers.

many of the critical species have been forwarded to Messrs. Anslow, Bagnall, Braithwaite, “Hobkirk, and West, by whom any

SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE MOSSES. 47

phagnum acutifolium Ehrh., and var. tenue Bn ith. Rar Aspley Heath Wood. — 8. jimbriatum Wils. Lo ocally shusather: Flitwick Marsh, cum adie 1882. Mermaid’s — eae c.f. 1888. —S. wick M : :

ful on Flitwick Marsh and in Asple Woods. 8. cymbifolium var. squarrosulum Nees. Rather rare. Flitwick Marsh.

(In addition to the foregoing, S. acutifolium var. deflecum, S. subsecundum, vars. contortum and auriculatum, S. tenellum, 8. ripiilars

m Weis eissta viride: Common.—W. cirrhata. Local. Dunstable Road; Flitwick; New Mill End. : icranella varia Hedw. Local. Luton Downs; Dunstable Downs. _ —D. cerviculata Hedw. Rare. ‘ Flitwick, Rev. H. Crouch, 1882.’’ om j

—D. heteromalla Hed Common ranum montanum . Very rare. On three oak trees near Mermaid’s Pond, Aspley Woods.—D. scoparium L. Frequent Tu y local. Steppingle ustre

—D. majus ‘ Firs. — D. pal

Bry. Brit. Local. Aspley; Clophill; Warden Hills ef. 1883. Campylopus flecuosus Brid. Local. ke sone:

i

Pian: m rectum Bi Local. ee Downs.

Pottia minutula Schewg. — P. tasleolt Dicks ee Luton _ Downs.—P. intermedia Pari: Local. War

Didymodon rubellus B. & 8.

Ditrichum flewicaule Schweg. Local. On Chiltern Hills. Barren. Trichostomum tophaceum Brid. Local. Chiltern a _Barbula muralis L.—B. fallax Hedw. — B, fallax var. oe ils, are. Pepperstock.—B., fuladata L.—B. ruralis L.—B _ mtermedia Brid.—B. levipila Brid.

Ceratodon purpureus Li.

Grimmia pulvinata Dill.

Orthotrichum affine Schrad.—O. diaphanum Schrad.—O. Lyellié H&T. Local. Pepperstoc

Physcomitrella patens Hedw. Southill Park. ; Physcomitrum pyr iforme L. Abundant on the mud thrown out _ of the River Lea, spring of 1882. ] Funaria hygrometrica L.

48 SOUTH BEDFORDSHIRE MOSSES.

and . . sana pomiformis L. ined on sandy soil. Flitwick; le

Leptobryum pyriforme L. Rare. Deodorizing Works, Luton.

Webera nutans Schreb. ve Flitwick Marsh.—W. carnea L.

Local. Totternhoe; Sou

ryum atropureum W.. & iM. Local. Cemetery walls, Late ;

B. cespiticium L.—B. argenteum L.—B. capillare L.——B. Schreb. Rare. Aspley, Mr. C. F. Boultbee

an eh Aina Bland. Rare. Totternhoe.—M. wndulatum a ;

—M. m Li.— M. rostratum Schrad.— M. punctatum He Re “Clophill, ulacomnium androgynum L. Local. rete Woods. — A. palustre L. Rare. Flitwick Marsh, c.f. 1 Tetraphis pellucida L. Local. literick ; kieion, c.f. 1882. Atrichum undulatum L. Pogonatum nanum Neck.—P. aloides b. minus Bry. Eur. Rare.

Aspley ste ds.— P. urnigerinum L. Rare. Luton Hoo Park,

cf. 1 ite formosum Hedw. — P. piliferum Schreb Ss. Fissidens bryoides Hedw.—F’. adiantoides Hedw.-—F. oe L.

Fontinalis antipyretica L, ee oe In fine fruit in ponds at Limbury and H arlington, 1 L ides Li,

perinum Willd. — P. commune L. Very local. Flitwick ; "hag : Wood .

oe enka iin L. Local. Barton; Harlin Nee, Local. H

A few capsules, Lain Hoo Park, 1882

lia

nnin um Spy seta L. Climacium dendroides Ty,

Camptothecium ‘itedihes Huds., “a AG an Hills, Noy., 1882. _ Brachythecium Spores B. undant on the Chiltern Barren.—B., albica lame March, 1883 suet

ve sr L, var. longisetum, Bry. Eur. Local. The Matis: : igen

Eurkynchium myosuroides 1. Rare. On an whos tree, Dunstable Road, near Luton, — RF. striatum Schreb. — piliferum Schreb. Barren. — E, Sieeic

Turn., c.f. Luton Downie ios ovember, 1882.— E. prelongum Di

e oc yehostegion confertum Dicks, — R. murale Hedw

Rare. €.—R. ruscifolium Neck., ¢ mi gs Hoo Waterfall, 1882. Plagiothecium denticulatum L, — P, enticulatum var. aptychus

orieg Jontana L. Local. Flitwick Marsh; a bog, Heath Reac

gton caer ills.—N, complanata L.

q :

THE SEEDS OF ANTHOXANTHUM. 49

3 _. Rare. Pepperstock.—P. undulatum L. Local. Aspley, Adam

Aeadjenegiith sen hey sL.— A. eat L. Elongate forms, six inches long, in fruit at pe mites! eee

Hypnum aduncum Hedw. Rare se itwick. — H. Kneiffii, Bry. Kur. Locally abundant. " Limbury ; ; Flitwick. Barren. — H. exannulatum Gimb. Rare. Flitwick.—H. Sendtnert Schpr. Rare. Totternhoe Mead. — H. fluitans L. Not uncommon. In Flitwick Marsh, 1883.— H. jilicinum L. Abundant; c.f. by a rivulet, Limbury, 1882.—H. commutatum Hedw. Local. Sharpen- hoe; Hockcliffe. ——H., cupressiforme L. b. tectorum ee C ea ee Bry. Kur.—H. cupressiforme d. ericetorum, Bry. E Loca Asp- ley ; Chiltern Green.—H. resupinatum ils.--H ‘ ‘mollsane gree

eF.— d ; chrysophyllum Bnd. Local. Chiltern Hills.—-H. stellatum Schreb. Local. Limbury; Heath and Reach.—H. cordafolium Hedw. In fruit, Flitwick ihieoh, 1883, C. Hamson and J. 8. — H. cuspidatum bi 1 Schreier Ehrh, — H. purum L.—H. stramineum Dicks.

k Alylocomium splendens s Dill. — Ad, triquetrum Lied: squarrosum L.; ¢,f. Luton Hoo Park, 1882.

The foregoing moss li ihe is practically the first for South Beds., as Abbott’s Flora has no localities further south than Barton Hills, which are nine or ten miles from the extreme south of the county. In addition to the preceding the Sli have been found in the north of Bedfordshire.

Encalypta vulgaris Hedw. Oakl r. Davi

issidens crassipes and Oinclatoous fe wing te Hedw. On sub- merged masonry, Bramham.

Cryphea heteromalla Hedw Turney, Rev. H. Higgin

Rhynchostegium tenellum Dicks. Near Bedford, De. hia

THE SEEDS OF ANTHOXANTHUM. By Witu1am Carrutuers, F.R.8.*

Sweet Vernal Grass Fem > odoratum L.) is one of _ widely epee of our indigenous grasses. Iti erennial, and deserves a sees Sioagh not an important ak in pieoahene pasties But the benefits it may give to a pasture are entirely wanting from the allied species, the seeds of which are very largely sold in its stead. This plant, A. Puelii Lec. & Lam., is an annual grass, n

countries it is an introduced or an indigenous plant I have not the means of determining. It is a smaller and more delicate grass,

* Reprinted by permission from the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, 1883. Journat or Botany.—Vou. 22. [Fepruary, 1884.] E

50 © THE SEEDS OF ANTHOXANTHUM.

tems. The plant ae any odour, either

r dried. The fo and no The substitution, therefore, of its seeds for: the perennial Sweet Vernal @ serious injury,yand the increasing proportion of samples that have during the year come under my notice prove that this adulteration is on the i iner he

as to puzzle botanists, and to lead to ins notion that it is an indigenous grass, which had me overlooked until a few years ago. Tt was first noticed by Mr. Britten in 1872, at Mobberley, in Cheshire, in a field which had been broken up and re-sown Wi aoe some years before. It was next observed by Mr. a

a b

Fie. 1 -—Anthoranthum odoratum Linn. Ten times the natural size. a, the seed with its shining striated scales ; b, one of the hairy pales, with ae jointed

e, the “ seed” as offered for sale, consisting of the two pales surrounding the small shining seed, which is seen between the open edges of the pales.

then it has been recorded from higecheprgy Worcestershire, Devonshire, and other places. But in none of the localities is its appearance free eons the strong peace “that it has been intro-

THE SEEDS OF ANTHOXANTHUM,. 51

duced with agricultural seeds. Mr. Townsend ape a figure and deserption of the plant in Journ. Bot. 1875, p. 1 eeds of the two grasses spe closely resemble each other,

ets the posses differences which may be detected when they are y examined. As gretee for sale the seeds are not nake

like -. “of Chee but are still covered by two sets of leafy parelopes: They are Beem and more or less hairy bodies, with _ two ppurernetse awns, one being kneed, and the other shorter an straight. The small ss is easily freed from the outer coverings, and it is found a be an oval brownish body, with a shining coat. - The coat consists of two thin striated scales, which are so closely - wrapped round the seed that it is very difficult to remove them.

When ibe; grass is in flower the scales are more open, and the stamens spring from within them. The hairy awned pales are

CES deg ee MR ee Oe ee a RS a nr

. 2—Anthoxanthum Puelii Lec. & Lam. Ten times the natural size.

a, the seed with its shining striated scales; }, one of the me with the jointed

hygrometric awn, the hairs along the nerves and margins, and with straight

edges and toothed apex; c, the “seed” is offered for sale, consisting of the two . pales, completely enclosing the see

pay FBS pt Se ae ak ee a

believed to be aborted florets, one on either side of the central ertile floret, which produces the seed; and the three florets are enclosed in two mnognal anne white chaffy glumes, which

52 NEW PLANTS FROM THE ZAMBESI COUNTRY.

remain attached to the flowering stalk when the seeds are ripe. — This description applies equally to the seeds of all species of Anthoxanthum.

NEW PLANTS FROM THE ZAMBESI COUNTRY. By J. G. Baxer, F.R.S.

complete material as can reasonably be expected of any Aloe in 7 specimen, and from this the following description has been made :—

o an inch. orescence long-peduncled, simple or forked flowering racemes moderately dense, 6-9 in. long ; bracts orbicular cuspidate, scariose, distinctly many-nerved, 4 in. long; pedicels as

D , articulated at the tip. Perianth cylindrical, bright red, 3-1 in. long, cut down to the base into lanceolate seg-

A FORGOTTEN NATURALIST. 53

; ments. Stamens and style not protruded. Capsule ellipsoid, under E pan inc

q . Banks of the Zambesi opposite Senna, July, 1859, Sir John Kirk.

_. its plac in the eae of species in my monograph in Journ. Soe., vol. x is after No. 62.

The same Sait tas contains a very fine new Notochlena Sone q the high mountains of the interior, allied to the Mexican and Andin NV. ogee ée. 4 . Notochlena lepigera, n. sp. — Rootstock erect. Basal 4 Escalon lanceolate, membranous, dense, very — brown, 4—-} in long. Stipes densely tufted, Paxaies, 2-5 in. long, pale brown, _laxly scaly. Lamina oblanceolate-oblong, bipimnate 1 ft. long, in. broad, narrowed gradually from the mi o the base, greenish and slightly pilose above, covered all over + agtieatli with ae imbricated feesttage membranous whitish-brown palez like those of the rootstock. Pinnz sessile, lanceolate, obtuse, the : Senteal ones the oa st, 1-1} in. long, }in. broad; the lower ones distant and very sm mall. Pinnales oblong, obtuse, sessile, crowded, ey ome caper Sori placed all round the outer margin e pinn Hab. Danke. Zambesi-land, alt. 6000-7000 ft., Sir John Kirk.

A FORGOTTEN NATURALIST.

men ‘of this type. Ireland is—as w eat expect from its as hist “i i behind in matters of "this kind; and it would be oe find, i even to kindle in the wor rking man of that

nose interest centres in politics rather than in science,

married. printing- -press and collected a library for the use and benefit his native town—the first of either which was known in ( “Tmpressed with the absence of elementary works,

54 A FORGOTTEN NATURALIST,

he at an early period turned his attention to the more They instruc- tion of children in a rudiments of spelling and readin Hi ‘Child’s First Book, or R eading made Easy,’ which was soon followed by ‘The Child's Second Book,’ had a large circulation, and ‘‘ speedily superseded the ancient horn-books.” His wife dying in 1791, he married again at the end of the following year, his second wife, with whom he did not live happily, being above him in social — position. In ae he a are the Natural History Society of EY of which he chairm the first meeting being held a Northfleet on Fa oly 13th, nae twenty-one persons were present.

i "iy

pp!

o ® variety of subjects. Our interest in him centres in q botanical attainments, but he either published ba "prepared for — publication works on biography, topography, and natural history, — as well as two guide. books to parts of the River Thames, and 4 ; pamphlet entitled ‘The Sea Captain’s Assistant.’ The greater ~ part of Mr. Arnold’s volume consists of Pocock’s diaries, beginning © in 1811 and extending, with some gaps, to 1823, and these are full | of records of « phenological phenomena,” to use the modern phrase, as well as abounding in shrewd comments u upon things in gene eral. On Sept. 15, 1811, he visited ee where he “ found that madder

was sete cultiy. ated, but now totally rooted up, it being a losing concern, as it took three years to bring it to perfection and much — trouble in getting up the roots, which ran four or five feet in '

A FORGOTTEN NATURALIST. : 55

length.’”’ On March 29, 1812, he pga ‘¢ travelled to Hollow Dean Field, Sutton, and got four or five roots of the lizard orchis, now igh

botany ; his garden having above a thousand plants me it.” In 1822 Prof. Tone w visited him more than once; Pocock describes him as ‘‘a pleasant young man and worthy his prikoseo yn 3 they the and effected an exchange of rare plan On the 2n April, 1828, he ‘‘ went to Wilmington, and got — a six roots of the oe orchis, all of which must have grown in the two last years, as when I was there in 1821, in March, only one root was left.” These he planted out a week afterwards in hedge- banks in

remain as a breeder ; segs roots are very scarce, and I want to

At the end of Mr. Arnold’s atte is a list of “rare plants found by "R. Pocock in the vicinity of Pome! in which are some errors—e.g. Hchinophora spinosa. Of greater interest 1s his

herbarium, which, at the instance of the Editor, Mr. Arnold has very kindly pr roctne for the Botanical Department of the British Museum, where it will be always, PE 1 for reference. In 8 present Fa it consists of two folio volumes, which w

Seti and localised. He Pata started a collection in five

affixed, w.

Slogan of British plants already in the Museum ich has recently been rendered still more valuable by the ancecaliiae: io ugh Davies’s herbarium. To Pocock’s biographer also, we

indebted for the use of the acme of Pocock, given above, ‘ehiab

forms the frontispiece to his volum

SHORT NOTES.

Aprum eGravrotens Linn., In Huntineponspire.—In r ms as a native of Co. 31, 72 Watson says {2 Topographical aia p. 189)—* All inland localities this much-cultivated littoral plant must be regarded with suspicion.” ioe untingdon- e, though it has no present coast-line, is still subject to the aoe of the tide up the Ouse as high as Bluntisham Stanch, and the claylands of ee oe Warboys, Sawtry, and Holme form a considerable part of the western and southern shores of the ancient sea, which formerly covered the great level of the Fens. Naturally, 3 traces of the old maritime flora may be expected, and actually

56 SHORT NOTES.

higher predial claims. Hence, when finding such plants as Scirpus maritimus, Carex distans, Rumex maritimus, Apium raveolens, Bu- pleurum tenuissimum, and Gastridium lendigerum, established on the

is accompanied by Carex distans. Under ordinary circumstances, by the na

cende

the stream. A very natural means of such reverse distribution will suggest itself to everyone who has watched the habits of wildfowl e $ soon as the floods of winter cover the washes,

runnin

In this way Stukely may have got its shoreland plants; Lutton, m the Isle of Ely, its Buplewrum tenuissimum, Juncus compressus, and Apium graveolens; and Monks Wood its colony of Gastridium lendigerum.—AuFrep FRYER.

mM.

have since died out, and are now presumably extinct. No doubt the greater number of these are lost to us, but certainly not all, for, in addition to Rwmex maritimus, already shown to exist in some quantity in our neighbourhood, I have found Dianthus Armeria in & lane not far from Hayes; Trigonella ornithopodioides on Uxbridge Common ; and Trifolium scabrum in the gravel-pits on Hillingdon Heath. Ranunculus parviflorus and Sagina nodosa are referred to

) g l ) ment near Cowley, and the latter—so lately as November last

moors about two miles and a half north of Uxbridee. These are neither large nor important additions to the county flora, but they suggest that, if some three or four “ extinct” species can be found wi n area of two or three miles, a patient search in other quarters would be rewarded by the re-discovery of others of their number.—Joun Brnzow.

57

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

‘The Flowering Plants and Ferns of the County Soe with coloured 4 Map and Introduction by the Rev. Taom gs ALLIN LIN. West super-mare: J. Marche. 1883

Loca floras of Ireland are so few that a addition to their number is welcome. It is forty years since Dr. Power drew up his

q Aging Guide to =e County Cork.’ Many Sec tae additions have been made sin e that time, especially songs the labours

due. . Allin d we believe that his book offers a fairly complete list of the plants : ty. The number of 700 species is rather more than

Docition and proximity to the Kuropean mopinant much more than to the climatal condition to which Mr. Allin has justly drawn attention. He has very judiciously cleared the list of a large number Dr doubtful natives, which had been too easily admitted b

It is a ae of regret that no room has been found for the cryptogamic plants, ig aga or mosses and lichens, for which we believe the materials exist; it is remarkable that Mr. should have omitted the Peusubirne. In Ro Geka ae which com- prise some of the most interesting of the Cork s

limi F in full; but we should have been glad of a reprint of Dr. Smith’s list, from his ‘ Ancient and Present State’ of the county dal pes 1770), with some indication of the confirmation or otherwise of ¢ numerous localities soe nig eae it. We may say the same of ihe ibuted by Ja a Drawaisad} in 1818-20, to the ‘ Munster agazine’; whi e if, as we suppose, the catalogues drawn up by Dr. Scott and od Re T. Alexander, and presented by

cks. At the least, it seems that the present where of these — should have selee dleaily stated, for the benefit ture worker;

Cetisidering he extent of the county, we should have thought a larger number of districts might have been made. Mr. Allin has only two, and these do not correspond with those in ‘ Cybele

a

58 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Hibernieca,’ which we venture to think should have been retained,

unless a larger number were adopted. A few matters for criticism occur to us as we turn over the pages. Thus, of the plants men- tioned as ‘‘confined to Co. Cork, in Ireland,” Helianthemum —

amygdaloides occurs in Donegal : Supplement to the ‘Cybele Hibernica.’ Elatine Hydropiper and Salix laurina var. tricolor, mentioned as Cork plants in the Intro- — duction, are treated as errors later on in the volume. A note by |

Mr. Carroll that Senecio squalidus “hybridizes freely at Cork with ulgaris’’ is of inte d we should have been glad of a fuller account of the broad-leaved variety of Erythrea

entaurium is not the sa E. latifolia Sm. Orchis incarnata ‘ may be added to the list; it was found by the writer of this notice — in company with Mr. Nicholson, in a meadow near the sea at - i 2. j

fall

recognition of the usefulness of Mr. Allin’s work, as a valuable

contribution to the new ‘Cybele Hibernica,’ upon which we are —

glad to know that Mr. A. G. More is actively engaged. A word of

praise must also be given to the printing and general get-up of the ich i he num i

volume, which is certainly creditable; the ber of misprints 18 — singularly few, although work of this kind must be a tax upon the patience and the r ces of rdinary country printer We

; Asiatic species of Euphorbia ; and some Liliacee of Eastern and neighbouring Central Asia. s givel o ne ra and species descri in the five fascicles of the

oses, but it may be hoped, in the interests of Asiatic botany, — o. a does not imply that this invaluable book has been brought a close.

_ Tue last part (vol. iii.) of the ‘Annuario della R. superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici,’ contains ‘‘ Reliquie Mico Notarisiane,” by Prof. O. Comes. — :

uols : gic ne 4

ARTIOLES IN JOURNALS. 59

We have been vainly endeavouring to find space for an adequate notice of the indefatigable Baron von Mueller’s important contribution to botanical literature, entitled ‘ Systematic Census of Australian Plants, with Chespulogi: arrt es and Geographical Annotations.’ This. is compressed in 2 quarto pages, each specics occupying only a line, in w ich. is a name, authority, place and date of sth Glden, distribution in Au stralite 2 references to Bentham’s ‘Flora Australiensis,’ and Muelle Fragme ra is. gi

tee, a.’ The history of the genera is. given in a si staat concise and complete manner. The result, as might be expected, is to bring into prominence several generic names which had fallen

e sev into disuse, and the restoration of which—as for example Candollea for Stylidiwm——may cause some temporary inconvenience, although we agree with the Baron that ‘the impartial rules of strict priority’ are the only safe ones. From the same author we have a ees of the Plants indigenous around Sharks Bay and its

In ‘The mans Flower Garden,’ lately ges by M Mr. Murray, Mr. W. ace on ow pac a handso My sme forming a e gard

hundred sit idnty aes fa devoted to such matters as position

larger portion of the book is occupied dig: ree description, alpha- betically ssranged, of all the plants best suited for its embellish- ment, their culture, and eoesnecin suited for each,” and is carefully done, thou h we note a slip here and there, as when the flowers of Hydrocharis are described as yellow. The volume is beautifully printed and fully iliatanted, the figures being very unequal in merit.

NE s.— Barranprer & Trasut, ‘Flore d’Alger ... Monoootyladones (8vo, pp. xvi., 211, Alger, Jourdan).—A. Dewtem, ‘La Vanille, sa culture et sa préparation’ (8vo, pp. 58; tt. 2: Paris, Challamel singe a. GENDoRFF, ‘ Plant Analysis’ (Trans. by H. EENISH: Bailliér : 8yo, PP xvi., 280).—W. are

. F. Dura, ‘ List of pete of Bet (Ato, pp. re Roorkee). —T. er ea snp Commercial ‘Plants’ (No.7; 8vo, pp. 98: Christy & Co.:

———

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.—FEBRUARY.

American Naturalist.—C. E. Bessey, ‘ Hybridism in Spirogyra.’ —J. B. Ellis & G. Martin, ‘ New Florida Fungi’ (Asterina intricata,

| Venturia cupulata, V.applanata, V. saccar wa Linospora ferruginea, _ Phyliosticta terminalis, Septoria Serpentaria, Pestalozzia myrice, _ Helminthosporium fumosum, spp. 0n.).

60 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.

Ann. Sciences Nat., eth. vi., No. 6(Dec.). = Franchet,‘ Plantes du Turkestan ’ (contd.: Cousinia coronata (t. 18), C. outichaschensis, C. integrifolia, C. canescens, C. princeps, Centaurea turkestanica, Jurinea Capusi, Serratula spinulosa, Koelpinia scaberrima, Scorzonera racemosa, S. turkestanica, S. acanthoclada, sp - nn. seth, Naudin, ‘ wr sur les eee introduits ace. la région méditerranéenné.’

Bot. Centralblatt Se 1-4).—E. Heuser, ‘ Beopaahburig iiber Zellkeratheilang,’ (2 plates).

ec auratted Zeitung (Jan.).—J. Reinke, ‘ Untersuchungen uber die Kinwirk ane. des Lichtes auf die Sanerstoffausscheidung der Pflanzen’ (1 plate).

Bull. Torrey Club (Dec.).—E. L. Green, ‘ New Western Plants’ (Draba asprella, Polygala Rusby ve. Fg Se Rusbyi, CEnothera

divaricata, Bigelovia eet . acradenia, Antirrhinum Kellogit, Pentstemon Kleei, spp. nn.). —C. i. Pee ‘New Genus of Bee ri- aceous Fungi’ (Neospharin Sacc. = Spharia Coulteri kk.) G.

Vasey, ‘New Grasses’ (Agropyrum Scribneri, Sporobolus Sain

p. 0

Flora (Jan. 1-21).—K. B. J. Forselli, ‘ Lichenologische Unter- suchungen.’ — A. Geheeb, ‘ Bryologische Notizen aus dem Rhoéngebirge.’

Garden (Jan. 19).—Bessera elegans (ic. pict.).

Gardeners’ Chronicle (Jan. 5). — Odontoglossum Dornanant Rehb. f., Ismene Andreana Baker, spp. nn. Pinus Laricio (fig. M.J.Ber rkeley, ‘ Vine Mildew’ Sos nat —— fig, 3.).—-(Jan. 12). Sarcanthus Lendyanus Rehb. f., sp Masters, Pinus

ricata ( , 8, 9). — N. EB rown, $ Rooting terminal buds of the Bramble’ (Bg 10).— f Behe on

Midland Nava, ay, KE. Bagnall, ‘ Flora of Warwickshire’ (contd. : Lab ae

aise Journal (Jan. 19). — J. Moeller, ‘ snes Drugs’ (Micromeria Douglasii).—H. (cand : ’ Caanhons Ledgert . Science-Gossip —W. T. Haydon, ‘ Notes on Lathrea seuoauetae Trans. ee Society of London, vol. 2, pt. 6—H. Mar shall W : e, development and Life-history of a tropical epiphyllous Token (Strigula complanata), (4 plates.)

61

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

November 1, 1888. poe Crisp, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.-—Messrs. T. E. G and A. Hutton were elected Fellows.

-- onation to the SBouiott of several interesting letters of Linneus (1786-1769) to G. D. Ehret — eminent botanical artist, was announced by the chairman, and an unanimous vote of thanks thereupon recorded to the Misses Gaet and Mr. Charles Ehret Grover for their valuable donation.—Mr. H. Groves showed

described by Bowerbank, and commented on by Carruthers, Etting- ausen, and many other authors who have written upon the plants

of the Tertiary formation. Originally ouieidenek as allied t

Casuarina, Dr. Robert Brown suggested its affinities to the st

hausen thereafter regarded it as a product of a conifer (Sequoia),

and Saporta compared the fruit to that of Dammara. r. Gardner ness fully into the structural peculiarities of the fossil fruit in question, and satisfactorily demonstrates that it belongs to the Betulacee under the genus Alnus.— A paper r by Miss G. Lister was read, ‘‘On the Origin of the placentas in the tribe Alsinee of the Order Caryophyllee.” This nicer pager is base on a series

mber species. The author concludes that the aon in the dines is developed on essentially the same plan as that of Lychnis, the

ence various genera being merely dependent upon the relative height attained by the carpels on the one hand an the cen axis on the other. This being so, it. follows that, if the

jess also s earouliaiy

November 15.— Sir John Lubbock, Bart., President, in the chair.—Messrs. P. Crowley and J. Murray were elected Fellows of the Society—Mr. Chas. B. Plowright exhibited a n Pat pear

; al graminis on wheat, produced from cidium on ait ee oe ; the ecidiospores were sown on June 2nd, 1883, the uredospores appeared June 10th, and the ripe P. graminis was gathered Sept. 10th, 1883. He likewise called ponent to se ais s of Aicidium

62 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. -

rarely been seen in this country, and of late years almost been lost sight of.—Mr. F. I. Warner drew attention to a series of specimens of Orchis incarnata from Hampshire, wherein considerable variations in colouring were manifest.—A paper was read by Mr. A. W. Bennett, ‘‘ On the reproduction of the Zygnemacee,” as a solution

of the question—is it a sexual character? De Bary, twenty-five years ago, and since hen: Wittrock, have instanced what they have deemed sexual differences bet atin , thoug

of the stall sepa gue anthors. He finds there is an appreciable os f length and diameter in the conjugating cells, that med fs female being the larger. The protoplasmic contents he

have likewise been examined, and though showing differences, yet on the whole substantiate the view above enunciated of cell sexuality.

December 6. —— Sir John Lubbock, Bart., mS in the chair.—H.H. Maharajah of Travancore, and Masars. C. A. Barder. KE. Bostock, H. Friend, J. Hannington, J. 8. Hicks, J. Richardson, R. Tate, and H. Ti sdall, were elected Fellows of the Society.— Mr. B. Daydon Jackson exhibited a specimen of ‘* Mexican whisks,” known also in the London market as ‘“ Chien-dent,” which are now imported in considerable quantity from the vicinity of La Puebla, in Mexico. Itis believed to be derived from an Andropogon, but is in bulk coarser than the similar material from Southern Europe, from a Gryllus, and finer than the species of Panicum used in India for brushes—Mr. Arthur Bennett exhibited a specimen of Cnn: ligerica, gathered by Mr. Cunnack in Scilly (see p. 27). Mr. Bennett also drew attention to some masses of agglomerated larch leaves, found in the Shropshire Meres, and known locally as ‘‘ vegetable hedgehogs.”—Mr. Charles Darwin’s paper on Instinet

d.

December 22. — Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S., in the chair.— Messrs. N. Cantley, W. Dobson, F. G. Smart, ‘and the Rev. R. Thom, were elected Fellows of the Society.—A paper was read by

monies anum.” The plant isa aye of Abyssinia, ore nite in districts 8

the author shows in detail, has certain ee in the arrange- ment of the tissue of its leaf bundles, since the cortical system does not consist of branches of bundles of the leaf-trace, but are cauline bundles, in this respect differing widely from such forms as

Lathyrus, Casuarina, many Begonias, &c. Rhynchopetalum, moreover,

‘ q | 3

LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 63

_ has the cortical bundles running obliquely, and forming a regular

four-sided meshed network related to the leaf bases and bundles of

_ leaf-trace. In these respects it approaches Cycas, but in the lat ac

80 4 eons wor are oa vertically aaa’ Some Cycads and

‘ al in these plants is the correct one. 2nd, That there exists in many parts of these plants a series of ducts or passages, differing : poly. sree ied from these reservoirs, the differences being that they

globular and isolated, but are generally connected more or : oi Sea with each other, and that their socrotion is not a clear = oil, but a id or resinous liqui ints

vi t )

of agreement being those connected with their development and function. 8rd. That at least, in some species, there is also a series _ of schizogenous ducts confined to certain portions of the phloem. 4th. That the dark. glands, which have been described, are in intimate eed with the fibro-vascular system. 5th. That the _ formation of resin and kindred secretions in these —* con-

8a

forming corpuscles had been made by Kruger, yet he had failed to ‘interpret their function, which Mr. Potter’s researches now full proved in the case of the Euphorbiacee, where the development

: kimbera ‘from British Guiana. These were all hard woods, among rhich may be mentioned the Greenheart (Nectandra Rodiai) ; the Ducalibolly,” a rare red wood, used in the colony for furniture ;

ov

~\,

a

64 -LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

** Wamara,” a very hard-wooded tree sixty feet high, used by the natives for clubs, &c.; ‘ Letter-wood”’ (Brosimum Aubletii), useful for inlaying and making very choice walking-sticks; ‘‘ Heyowa- | bolly”” (Omphalobium Lamberti), a rare tree of twenty feet high, |

own commercially as Zebra-wood. — Mr. H. N. Ridley drew attention to a fasciated branch of holly from Herefordshire, in which certain of the leaf-branches were curiously interwoven.— Dr. Murie called attention, on behalf of Mr. Frederick Piercy, to a presumed portrait of Linnzus in oil, doubtfully supposed to be an original. aper was read by Mr. J. G. Baker, viz., ‘A Review

. Mag » south as lat. 44° to 45°; (8) S. Commersoni, a low-level plant of Uruguay, lately introduced as a novelty under the name of S. Ohrondu; (4) 8S. cardiophyllum, a little-known species from the Mexican highlands; (5) S. Jamesii, a native of Mexico and th : Rocky Mountains; and (| . oxycarpum, a native of Central Mexico. The two last have the tubers very small. All our culti- — races of potato belong to S. tuberosum; but the plant gathered

vy. Oo

s Archipela at experiment by § Chiswick are both S. Maglia attributes the deterioration of the potato partly to its being culti vated in to climates and partly to the tub

There are many hundred species of Solanwm known which do produce any tubers, but maintain their ground in the world

their seeds alone; and that, in order to extend th power of climatic adaptation of potato species, 2, 8 and 4 should b brought into cultivation, and tried both as pure specific types an as hybridised with the numerous forms of 8. tuberosum.—Mr.

Cooke made a communication, ‘‘On the Structure and Affinit

is Fs oe oye

65

ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDEZ. By Tuomas Hicx, B.A., B.Sc. (Puates 243 & 244.) (Concluded from p. 38).

Polysiphonia nigrescens agrees in the main, in structure and si m

As the cell-walls of the central siphon thicken, they do so uniformly, so that the protoplasmic body retains more or less of its Sic eeeisewy shape.

rotoplasmic continuity is well ae and may be traced

thronghout the whole thallus. The s of the different siphons have their contents connected by ictere Bi threads whi ass thro , and central sip are

connected with those of the cortical siphons by lateral processes. hese processes are situated about the middle of the cell and are comparatively short, owing to the small amount of thickeatts the

undergo. siphonia atro- Agree has such close resemblance to the

preceding 8 species that it will be no marvel that it agrees with it 3

matter of poonlaahis continuity. The cells of the central siphon are of a similar shape and have similar connections, both with one another and with the cells of the cortical siphons. let byssoides, P. tenella and P. formosa present similar phenom 8. CEeRamium.

The eens Ceramium has a structure differing from that of Poly- siphonia i in many respects, but agre eing with it in presenting a thallas consisting of a central axis or siphon of cells, clothed to a greater or less extent by a cortex. The latter, however, originates in a different manner, being composed of cells or ae boners

)

nt to the ament. The cortex formed by these branches dcotmuouitlg ree so thick that it is impossible to make out the organisation of the central siphon without the aid of transverse and lo ngitudinal sect Even on the smallest branchlets the nodal cortications

of reagents and some y the help

however, it may be See sutabbiched that protoplasmic — exists here quite as regularly as in the genera previously consl d.

Ceramium acanthonotum has the ears: — of the central cells connected as shown in Plat 8, fig. 6. In the y' i branchlets the protoplasm of ee eel appears in optical longitudinal section, as a lozenge-shaped mass enclose a more or less thickened wall. The cortex fills up the paren ai <tebinedn

Journat or Borayy.—Vou. 22. [Mancu, 1884.) F

66 ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDER.

the cells at the joints, and forms a series of cellular rings, each of which bears a short stout spine. The cortex does not present so obvious a case of continuity as does that of Polysiphonia, but its

the cortical cells by protoplasmic threads. The connections of the cortical célls inter se are most remarkable, being effected not by single threads, but by several, ae radiate from the central mass like the pseudopodia of a Bhizo d. Each thread carries a collar which resembles that met with A > Palgtishoute eee | and like it, appears, in some cases, to enclose a delicate diaphragm

4. Primota.

The genus Ptilota, so much admired for the loveliness of its forms, is no less remarkable for the striking examples it offers of protoplasmic continuity. Of eo be Floridee examined few have presented the phenomena i complete and demonstra- tive manner than the Ptilotas, airecalty, P. elegans. Wuhdatadtalls monosiphonous, like most of the plants previously considered, the _ older parts of this species become densely corticated. _The cent tral

nothing but simple filaments composed of. quadrate or oblong cells. The protoplasmic bodies of these cells are in uninterrupted con-

he w of the e protoplasmic bodies of the central cells of an older sha with their connections inter . and with the lateral ee At fig. 11 is a section of a still older part of the stipes, showing that

ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDES. 67 |

continuity does not disappear with age, but still obtains in the

axial cells. It is equally persistent in the cortical cells, but the ~ details of this are not shown in the drawing. i

Ptilota plumosa differs from P. elegans chiefly in the degree of cortication which it presents, even the youngest branchlets being

provided with cortical. cells. As regards protoplasmic continuity,

however, it agrees with the more elegant species, though this is a

little more difficult to demonstrate.

5. WorMsKIOLDIA AND DELESSERIA. The genera Wormskioldia and Delesseria, which, though sepa- d

The best known of these is perhaps Wormskioldia sanguinea, formerly called Delesseria sanguinea, whose leaf-like frond is of a fine rose-red colour and is differentiated into a sort of petiole and lamina, with a midrib and lateral veins. Throughout these various portions of the frond protoplasmic continuity is exhibited

in a distinct and unmistakable fashion.

points the thickening is interrupted in such a way as to leave open

channels of communication between cel land cell, along which run

and several forms of D. alata have been examined, and all exhibit, without exception, phenomena of continuity in the main agreeing with those just described.

6. Cuonprus, GiGARTINA, AND OysTocLoNiIum.

general appearance of the frond is so well kno

no description. Its structure is almost entirely cellular, the cells - being densest towards the surface of the frond, looser and slightly elongated in the direction of growth, towards the centre. The

S ~ made so by iodine solution, aniline blue, and other reagents. ‘They are extremely small masses of protoplasm, and strongly resemble,

68 ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDEZ.

in shape and appearance, small multi ane nerve-cells,

threads and bodies is formed. The connecting rege are much ~ finer si most of those previously described, but s of them © carry a small bright particle which may be isco to: represent — the eoilar met with in other genera.

igartina mamillosa, in its external characters, er es many —

oints of resemblance to Chondrus crispus, an veges structure is also more or less similar. The sale of the } portions of the frond are however more regularly filamentous, vend | have fewer protoplasmic connections with other cells. Where they — form filaments, the cells are connec a longitudinally by single © protoplasmic threads, similar to those of the less complex i thamnions so that each cell has only rata connections, except where, — a branch is given off, in which case there are three. . Plate 244, figs, 12 and 18, are semi-diagrammatic views of the — ae and Gigartina respectively, wick will illustrate these — t

cellular elements, The pro anit connections of the former are ~ noteworthy, as yrsaeastity appearances not unlike those of the ~ smaller sieve tubes of the cucumber and veicat malrow. :

. Procamium.

The genus Abin is oo on British coasts by a —

single species — viz., P. cocci St is a well-known ~ “weed,” and consists of mpre poieeil'm mbranaceous frond,

whose gliimaes "aushight -s cpimmnte ne alternately secund. — Each portion of the frond is composed of an axial row of cells, — which becomes densely corticated and only remains free, if any- — where, at the tips of the ultimate ramification Sections made in different directions alee: the stouter portions a

of the frond reveal a very elaborate system of .protoplasmic — h

pas ugh the end wall h hey 0 ae r urrounding the axial cells is a layer of moderately e, polyhedral er whose walls, like

it ; protoplasm, and in the older parts may differentiate a delicate : membrane similar to that described in Polysiphonia fastigiata.

ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDE. 69

; n the protoplasm escapes from the cells it may or may not gery P with it the lenticular body. In the former case there is an _ open communication between cell and cell, which is very obvious : _ when the re wall is stained.

q ical cells are much smaller than those already a ' described, or their walls attain some thickness, and their contents _ connected throughout, in a similar manner to that now under - notice.

8. LAURENCIA.

q As regards protoplasmic continuity, Laurencia is one of Most interesting genera yet dealt with. One of the commoner

arge cells, which are elongated longitudinally, and are circular in the transverse section, while the cortex is composed t. cells that are shorter and more densely packed, but otherwise of a similar

character. Owing to the great degree of thickening which the ; walls undergo, the seotoplenias contents of the cells often become

reduced to a mere band or thread, and then in transverse section they appear as a small particle in the centre of the cell lumen. rom the sictenlaciic body of each cell several processes are given off, which run along channels or pits in the thickened wall, and ive the contents the appearance of a Bhizo od. On reaching the the cell each thread expands into a small circular

u ert

9. Prrrocetis.

Petrocelis cruenta I. Ag. (Cruoria pellita Harv.) forms horizontal Pee om nocons fronds, which expand indefinitely in outline, nd grow attached to rocks between high and low water-mark.

and below by an extremely fine ate or ag res hg cells at the base of filaments are also connected in ner, 7 hear is as ae here as in that ican ide Plate 244, fig. 15.

10. FresawatEr Fioripez.

Of freshwater Floridee the only genera examined, and that ) hewhat eursorily, are Batrachospermum and Chantransia, The

70 ON PROTOPLASMIC CONTINUITY IN THE FLORIDEZX.

material was old and not very demonstrative, but it afforded some indications of continuity, though in a form less definite and complete than that of the marine gener.

GENERAL CoNncLUSIONS.

From what has been advanced in the preceding hepe ayy it seems clear that if not universal, protoplasmic continuity is very widely rari in the Flori idee. That it shonld differ panic:

in differ a and species is only what might een cy a aoe ee: the marvel is that the a euraaaons are not much renter than they are.

As to the question of origin, it would seem that in all these plants ve protoplasmic threads originate, as a rule, in the manner described by Professor E. P. Wright for Polysiphonia urceolata.*

fc rs proceed so far as to ocmplorely est erstbos the different portions of a

ial,

That these threads are not merely peace or accidental, but permanent and essential structures, is proved by the fact that they are normally present in all parts of the thallus, from the oldest to youngest, and are not restricted to special localities and special cells.

t they are not dead, but possess the vitality and powers of re protoplasm, seems equally certain. the first instance they are extremely fine, and are oft n urenrgee ae

wi

protoplasmic structures become older , cbowaves, the increase in t s and Boesas granular, a e cases, though apparently not in all, ass e colour of the prnopia

structures. It has been pointed out that in a great many cases a sort of ring or collar makes its appearance on each thread, at about

its middle point. This, as previously stated, is a sort of lip-like ;

thickening of the margin of the aperture through which the thread passes, due doubtless to the action of the thread itself. Again, in

some species, a delicate diaphragm is developed within the collar. The nature and — ns of this it is somewhat difficult i

** Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy,’ 1879. ‘On the Formation ot the so-called “Siphons,” and on the Development of the Tetraspores in Poly- siphonia,

5 a

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. yal

sag the diaphragm, and if the thread be ruptured by mechanica r other means, the rupture is not more frequent at the diaphragm ‘sae elsew here. Looking a t all the facts of the case, and

later in time than that of the protoplasmic connections, there can be little doubt that it isa a a pe to thos 5 connote s, and that, whatever be its ultimate function, it offers no interruption to protoplasmic continuity, so long as the cells on both sides of it are vitally ac

In 8 ay I have pleasure in acknowledging my obligations to Professor E. P. Wright, M.D., o kindly encouragement and severable valuable hints, and to friend

Mr. G. Massee, of Seatborongli, for his able ass cau in de-

a termining doubtful species and for many valuable sugesctions

EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 242.—Fig. 1. Portion of axis of Callithamnion roseum, with cells of primary and secondary branches; the contents of the cells connected through- Pee orti i

t ig. on of ultimate " Beeiehiie » with developing tetraspores

otopl © masses connected by extre aments, on whi collar

has not yet app ig. 3. Longitudinal section of main axis o m-

ne re fee ted t tral and b the cortical cells e |

connections e axi rti a4 tudinal secti of axis of Polysiphonia fastigiata, showing the pr a aks connections of the axial and the ——— cells. Fig. 6. Protoplasmic bodies from the axial cells of Ceramium eda notum. Fig. 7. Protoplasmic Bodliee: wou the cortical cells of Ceramium rubru

Plate ah ofig. 6 ecient erode ase section of an old and stout portion of Ceramium rubru e the axial cells, and oe b the

cortical ones. Fig. 9. Tip of bra neblet a “Ptilota ¢ elegans, ‘showing continuity Fi ta ele

throughout. g. 10. Protoplasmic bodies from axial cells of Pti ilo Jans, Ow. eir connections with those of the lateral branches ngi- tud section of and stout portion of a f Ptilota elegans, showing the connections of the tral cells. Those of the cortical cells ot indicated Se of thallus of ndrus crispus. Fig. 13. Section of thallus

. Fig. 14. Cells from inner portion o e us

of Gigartina mamillosa. of Laurencia pinnatifida. Fig. 15. Section of thallus of Petrocelis cruenta.

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. By W. West. field-botanists will hail with delight the excellent practical rl

AL paper of Mr. Baker on this subject. I was particularly pleased, as Irambled over some of these uplands some time ago, but did not at

_ that foes carry an aneroid with me, and I have in vain tried to

obtain some of the elevations snes ed from ordnance maps. The “Sissi additional facts may be interesting, as a small be at to Mr. Baker’s able paneer:

halictrum montanum. Millers Dale, 850 yds.; Cave Dale, 350 cial g flavum, Monks Dale, 850 yds,

72, ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE.

Trollius europeus. Monks Dale, 350 yds. Cardamine impatiens. Chee Dale, 300 yds. I have also seen _ specimens from a lower elevation at Cromford.

Nasturtium ar re Wormhill, 400 yds.

Draba muralis. Chee Dale, 300 yds. ft incana. Monks Dale, 850 yds. a ae Chee Dale, 300 yds

Viola lut Mam Tor, abundant, 450-550 yds. Old Moor (between Peak Forest and ’ Castleton), 500 yds. N. of Hassop, me inc

ene inflata, var. puberula. ‘ Very characteristic ” at Matlock

at Bont 200 yds. (as near as I can tell); other plants near were Alsine verna, Thlaspi virens, Genista tinetoria, Bctnie tinctoria, — Rhamnus catharticus, Cornus sanguinea, Malva Sree and a depauperate form of Campanula latifolia.—S. nutans. Head of Mo nks Dale, 350 yds. Wormhill, 350 yds., bel dhiag the are

‘ , 350 yds. Geranium pratense and G. lucidum. Wormhill, 850-400 yds. Rhamnus catharticus occurs at 850 yds. between Millers Dale

upper boundary of the mid-agrarian zon It occurs in Yorkshire at si same altitude and on the same formation, between Melham Cove and Tarn.

Ulew europeus. Wormbhill, 350-400 yds.

Trifolium striatum. Millers Dale Station to Wormhill, 350 yds.

Vicia hirsuta. Millers Dale, 300 yds.

Agrimonia Eupatoria. Monks Dale, 350 yds.

Sanguisorba officinalis. 850 yds. (not as a weed, but associated with Carduus Rareny tet, Trollius, Pimpinella magna, &.), Monks Dale.

B verna. ae Dale, 350 yds.

Rubus cesius. Chee Tor to Wormhill, 350 yds.—R. Chamemorus. I have seen it on Axe Edge, but it is much more ree raas on the western side of the plateau of ‘The Peak” at 60

Rosa mollissima. Millers Dale Station to Wormhill, 350-

00 yds. Geni intermedium. Millers Dale, 800 yds. Pyrus rupicola. me aie cae 350-400 yds. Chee Dale 300 yds.

venture n nativeness ; it occurs far brie from lanes and houses.—R. rubrum. Chee Tor to Wormhill, 350 yds. It seems native, but it is not FR. petreum, Kite I am familing with on Yorkshire limestone. — R. alpinum. Millers Dale, 800 yds. This also occurs at 400 yds. near Wormhill. ; ;

ON THE UPLAND BOTANY OF DERBYSHIRE. 73 Sedum Telephium. Monks Dale, 850 yds. Also at a lower

Cromford. axifraga tridactylites. Wormhill, 400 yds. — S. hypnoides. Cave Dale, 400 yds.—S. granulata. 8.W. of Buxton, 400 yds. Wormhill

4 Pimpinella magna. Monks Dale, 850 yds. Bunium flecuosum. Wormhill, yds. _ Viburnum Opulus. Monks Dale, 350 yds. — Galium verum. Wormhill, 400 yds.—G. sylvestre. Wormhill ” Span at 400 yds., es not so fine as in Chee Dale at

By clorionstia Olitoria. Wormhill, 400 yds Saeed nutans. bile ae 400 yds. — C. heterophylla. Very 50 yds. in Monks D S Galina vulgaris. Worishill 350 yds. BS Berretula tinctoria. Monks Dale, 350 yds. 4 Re nansin Trachelium. Monks Dale, 350 yds. Vaccinium Oxycoccos. Coombes Moss, 500 yds. Ligustrum vulgare. Native in Monks Dale at 350

inguicula vulgaris. Monks Dale, s. Primula veris. Monks Dale, 350 ome Wormhill, 400 yds.

Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus. Nee + Hott at hirer: 400 yds. Arum maculatum. Millers Dale to Wormhill, 350 yds. Orchis mascula. Wormhill, 350-400 yds. Gymnadenia conopsea. Monks Dale, 350 yds. Th ovata, Chee Dale, 300 yds. ares ornithopoda. Slopes of High Fell, 350 yds.—C. precow. ill, 350 yds.—C. vesicaria and C. hirta occur very sparingly Millers Dale at 800 yds. — C. glauca, var. stictocarpa. Slopes of 1 Fell, 350 yds. — C. binervis. Axe Edge and near Castleton, yds. — C. riparia. Near Bakewell, under 200 yds. Aira caryophyllea. Millers Dale to Wormhill, 8350 yds. — pubescens. Chee Dale, 300 yds. — A. pratensis. Limestone Des of rade Fell, 350 yds. <A starved form, the same which urs on the limestone sears of Yorkshire from 800 to 400 yds.

nemoralis. M :

lenium viride. Castleton to Old Moor, rare, 400 yds. — -muraria and A. Trichomanes. Wormhill, 400 yds. stopteris fragilis. “Wormhill, 400 yds. ephrodium aculeatum, var. lobatum. Chee Dale, 300 yds.; s Dale, 350 yds.

74 LIFE-HISTORY OF LITHOSPERMUM PURPUREO-CC@RULEUM.

Polypodiuwm vulgare. Wormhill, 400 yds. ——- P. Robertianum is common in the unfrequented limestone dales, 800-350 yds. ; Botychium Lunaria. Monks Dale, 350 yds. : Claytonia alsinoides is well established in a wood N. of Bakewell, ] far from houses; Ribes nigrum and Mimulus luteus algo occur as : escapes, about the river in Chee Dale. I regret having only added 4 one record from ‘‘The Peak ;” but the only day I was on it, it never ceased raining, and I was enveloped in such dense mists that my utmost vision had to be utilised to save me from danger, the 4 compass and ordnance map having also to be frequently used. §

LIFE-HISTORY OF LITHOSPERM UM PURPUREO- ULEUM Lnwn. By James W. Wuire.*

times this species has been named « the Creeping Gromwell”’ ; but — although one or two old authors appear to have been correctly — informed, none of the manuals in present use describe the manner —

hich it creeps, or rather strides, over the ground by means

t | polished, slightly rugged,’ rarely produced.” It is fair to infe from rof, i h i

tstock slender. ts abou

(* Mr. White has kindly forwarded a beautiful series of specimens in illus- tration of this paper to the British Museum Herbarium.—Ep. Journ. Bor.]

= LIFE-HISTORY OF LITHUSPERMUM PURPUREO-CG@RULEUM. 75

of propagation ; although in the first edition of the work Sir J. E. Smith remarks that most of the leafy stems throw out roots, and on that point is more correct than his successor. The poor, badly- coloured figure (HK. B. 117) is pp aneser in the 8rd edition by a barren horizontal shoot, which ver does not bear eno

In the ‘ astm Flora’ ih deseription runs ‘‘ barren stems creeping,..... ootstock creeping,” without note on the’ manner

in which the “ mocping? "is effecte

These quotations show that this Gromwell is believed to have either a creeping he or prostrate creeping barren os ; and to produce fruit but rarely. I wish, by giving the result of my~ observations on its an in Scaeds to supply the acini ae to which I have drawn attention; and to record the facts that the roots do not creep; that fruits are ripened on every cyme, if not in every calyx; and that the barren shoots, which seldom spring from a flowering root, are primarily erect, then high arching, an ultimately root at the tip, often at a considerable distance from the parent; the young plants quickly becoming separated by the decay of the connecting links

Lithospermum purpureo-ceruleum is at home in the warm borders

BY : beech, whitebeam and hazel are frequent on the Mendips, nestling in hollows at the base of the hills or tiie the flank of some out- - lying ‘cha Sheltering amid the coarse herbage and tangling briars on the sunny fringes of these woods, seldom penetrating very fie tht the shade, nor yet venturing more than a yard or two into the open ground, the handsome dee eep blue flowers of our plant can be seen abundantly in many places at the beginning of May. The soil is merely fragments of limestone, leavened with a little loam, from which the roots can readily be disengaged. The root- stock is small, woody, gnarled and twisted, with comparatively large fibres or branchlets. Its position is more or less horizontal ; and producing shoots only at the apex, it lengthens annually to

the extent of the width of the terminal bu

At the early season when the flowers first open, the stems, _ barren or flowering, rarely exceed a foot in height. They are alike erect, and the inflorescence is compact and half-shrouded

1 ct

cyme produce fruit, one or at most two polished Brignces Tike nuts being found in each fruiting calyx. These nuts are very persistent and conspicuous on the brown, withered, bat erect - stems, whic n seen the next spring suggest the idea of j eee oe poles with unusually large insulators; but on

‘detach easily

76 A NEW CHINESE MAPLE.

Meanwhile the barren stems, which are not usually produced from a flowering root (I find that the root appears to produce alternately barren stems and fertile ones,—seldom both in the same season) have also developed, and from their first erect position have loftily arched until, in the autumn, their tips reach the ground. The terminal portions have already put forth some short, stout rootlets, and when these touch the earth they

a chord of three feet. As soon as the rooting tip has established itself the rest of the shoot becomes brittle and decays, its vitality aving been expended in the formation of the young plant.

A NEW CHINESE MAPLE. By H. F. Hance, Ph.D., F.L.S., &c.

Slatic species do not extend far south; that we must no expect to find here very closely allied forms. 4 neal eer Fabri is angulatis glaberrimis, foliis

rectis ex apice obtuso intus sensim curvatis loculum ovoideum

€ connexum nervatum triplo superantibus. oe

In jugo Lo-fau-shan, prov. Cantonensis, m. Sept. 1888, detexit rev. K. Faber. (Herb. propr. n. 22220.

termediate between A. reticulatum, Champ.! and A. levigatum,

Wall. ! but with the leaves much less closely netted than in either. In foliage it agrees most with the latter, in fruit with the former, except that the dorsal edge of the wing is contiguous to the fruit- cell, and not separated by a distinct intermediate membrane.

irre tia MOS en

De Se

77

A NEW FLORA OF SURREY. By W. H. Bersy.

THE peri mon te twenty hey that has elapsed since the publication of Brewer’s ‘Flora of Surrey,’ and the advance that as been made since : 1868 in ee study of botany, both as regards plant distribution and the better understanding and separation of allied forms, have created a desire for a new flora of the county, approximating more closely to our present knowledge, besides including old records which are Joi ~ hy bot in the work above alluded to, and giving an of the distribution of the common plants; due param being ales paid to the history of the progress of botanical investigation in the county. e distinct effort in this direction was made by Mr. Arthur Bennett, who some vars since published a list of plants eheeus from Surrey, but found in one or more of the adjacent counties; at the same time eras! information. Since then Mr. pie tt has found himself unable, from want of a to continue the work which, at

has accordin ly been adopted. strong desire was felt to avoid, if possible, a division of the chalk range from east to west, and to

st s 8, divided into subdistricts. This gabateie sion was imperative in the latter case, the two Arun ee ee being naturally separated by the eee of the River

eatly indebted to Nr. Boulger for his most valuable ia selene in devising and vone out the # erent districts, which, in this county, present unusual difficultie

In the pth brief description ge main peer has been to give such information as will enable anyone to trace on a good map the various dhetrioke and subdistricts, which are as follows :— lack

W Upp: 5. Lower Mole. 6. North-east Streams; a. "Hoge’s Mil sige os Beverley Brook, 6. Wandle and Metropolitan Streams. 7. E

78 A NEW FLORA OF SURREY.

Cuannen.—8. Arun; a. Ockley, d. Chiddingfold. 1. Buackwater is bounded §. by a line starting from the Hants border at Lower Old Park, passing N.E. thro

crossing the railway and following the Guildford road to a point

on the Hog’s Back a little N.E. of Seale; thence the E. boundary

runs N. to Ash Green station, then by the workhouse, Fox Hills,

Chobham Ridges and through Paschal Wood to the borders of

Berks. The further boundaries are formed by the adjoining k

crest of the chalk escarpment past Albury Downs, Netley Heath and Hawkhurst Downs to White Downs; thence the E. boundary runs §. through Wootton, by Broadmoor, to its junction with the boundary of District 8 a, at Coldharbour. The rest of the BE. as

ussex. b . The two subdistricts, a (west) and b (east), are sepa- rated by the water-parting of the two main branches of the River

ey; the dividing line leaves District 8 } near Hambledon, and

thence by the River Wey itself to Guil The west subdistrict es almost exclusively on the lower greens and formation, abounds extensive heaths and commons, with considerable

elevations, as at Hind Head. It is here, and in Districts 1 and 86,

that several species which occur in the adjoining parts of Hants :

planatum is but a few yards from the county border, while there 18 :

hurst Down to Effingham Common, thence by Ockham and Cobham Commons, St. George’s Hill and Oatlands Park to the —

River Thames ; 8. by District 2. Two subdistricts are separated—4 —

or deserves further attention, and Potamogeton prelongus, which — requires confirmation for the county, will probably be found there. — 4. Urrer Motz is bounded N. by the continuation of the line — along the chalk crest from White Downs by Ranmer Common, Box — Hill, Pebble Hill, Reigate Hill and Gatton to the Merstham tunnel, —

A NEW FLORA OF SURREY. : 79

and thence by Tolhurst and Willey farms to White Hill; E. by a line running 8. from White Hill through Bletchingley, thence E. _ by Coldharbour, and again §., passing a little W. of Horne and _ across Copthorne Common to the Sussex border; S. by the county of Sussex, and W. by Districts 2 and 8 a

q Mote is bounded N. by the River Thames; 8. by

which is followed N te Tadworth, then past Epsom Downs and _ Epsom Common to Esher Common huge ‘ieee the caalway — northward to Clave, and through Long Ditton to the River P es.

. 6. Nortu-zast Srreams is bounded N. by the River Thames; pW. aaa S. by Districts 4, 5 and 7; and E. by the county of Kent. The two subdistricts are a (Hoge’s Mill Stream and Beverley

_ Wimbledon to the River Thames. Medicago gercgst? ra has not _ been found in the county for some years, should again be looked for at Epsom oes and in the vicinity. It is desirable that any _ plants which may be peculiar to either of the r-basins in Subdistrict a proan f be noted, as it may be found ndvieable to keep

e two basins distinct. 3 DEN is ters d N. by District 6; 8. by the county o 3 Bussex ; E. by that of Kent; and W. by District 4. This disteict

- has produced 1 am species new to the county, including Potamo- _ geton pea and Viola lactea, and is rich in ferns, carices an

aquatic 4 . Arun is bounded §8. by the county of ae The line _ enclosing Subdistrict a (Ockley) runs N.W. fro m Cowick, on the

diction that Dentaria bulbifera would be found in “this part of the _ county has been confirmed by Mr. E. Straker, a in 1882, found _ that plant abundant on the Surrey side of the county boundary in _ Subdistrict a. This is indeed the only station for | it in the county, for the single locality quoted by Brewer appears to belong to _ Lathrea Squamaria.

3 I have alluded to one or two of the rarer species to be found in _ Surrey, and any further information ee arden! des will be gladly received; at the same time, information as to the occurrence in, or absence from, any 0 of the districts or pose ae of the usually - common plants is particularly invited. Confirmati me the _ occurrence of the following plants is particularly epee _—

80 ON SOME CHINESE SPECIES oF oaks.

Erodium moschatum. Potamogeton preelongus. Trifolium ochroleucum. ifolius. ~ Vicia lathyroides. Orchis hircina. Callitriche vernalis, O. purpurea. Parnassia palustris. O. Simia.

ium anglicum. Ophrys arachnites. Carduus eriophorus. O. aranifera. Erica ciliaris. _ Seirpus pauciflorus. Mentha gentilis. Carex strigosa. Rumex maximus. Calamagrostis lanceolata. Salix ambigua. Briza minor (as a wild plant).

An outline map, showing the districts and subdistricts, is in preparation, and I shall be ha to send a copy of the same, together with any further information that may be desired, on application to me at my address, 14, Ridinghouse Street, London, —

ON SOME CHINESE SPECIES OF OAKS.

By Francois Buackwett Forszs, F.L.S.

British Museum and Kew, and erating other publishe names and localities, I have had occasion to study certain Chinese te) ch are imperfectly kno results of xaml-

s.

In 1818 Dr. Clarke Abel published a very interesting account* —

of the journey of Lord Amherst’s embassy through the interior | of China, from Peking to Canton. Dr. Abel was attached to the surgeon and naturalist, and his book contains maDy

‘ Narrative of a Journey in the Interior of China, and a Voyage to and : from that Country in 1816 and 1817, by Clarke Abel, F.L.S.’ London : 1818. : + “The cabins, in which but two days before we had reposed in comfort 2 ber. w

hearing that the cases had been emptied of the seed collections by one of the rar to make room for some of the linen of one of the gentlemen of the em ys

ON SOME CHINESE SPECIES OF OAKS. 81

this loss was to some extent repaired by the preservation of specimens gathered by Sir George Staunton, one of the Com- missioners in Lord Amherst’s suite.

Descriptions of a few species of plants are given in Appendix A by Abel himself, and in Appendix B by Robert Brown. In the latter the new genera Abelia and Loropetalum are founded, and as this paper was reprinted with Brown’s works,* the species are all well known to botanists. On the other fad, Appendix A has fallen into utter oblivion. Among the four new species | described

mention I have found of them is in the chapter on a history of Wells Williams’s classical work on China.{ After searching in vain for the types of these species at the British Museum, where most of Staunton’s plants are preserved, and in the Kew Herbarium; I acted on a suggestion that some of Staunton’s specimens had found their way into the Lambert Herbarium at Oxford; but Mr. Druce, who kind dly went Ste the oaks there, was equally unsuccessful. They are evidently absent from the Decandolle and Delessert herbaria, or they would have been taken up in the ‘Prodromus.’ According to M. A. DeCandolle ceed graphie, pp. 452 and 458), igatiten: s collections were partly in the Se Herbarium, which was bequeathed to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and is now at the Florence Botanical Museum. There is Mittohon: the chance that Abel’s ‘yp es may ultimately be found there; but in the meantime it seems worth while to bring the species to diss: notice of botanists, practically for the first aie by _ reprinting Abel’s original descriptions—

* R. Brown, Mise. Works, ii. 321—328

t The other two species are, (1), Cam nella Peleg. stn the type Me wee in the British Museum, was referred by Seem (Linon. Trans 44) Cc. vhs Thbg., and (2), Hugenia wicrophijiia; a note on which IT shall rmnevlly pu

The Middle Kingdom.’ London: 1883. Vol. i ei Since the above lines were Semee telegraphic news has been yar fronts w Haven, foment Se

Chinese Dictionary and in his work on the ‘Middle Kingdom. was also much ictaveatad in Natural History. During the first American aati to Japan he made, with Mr. Morrow, important collections of plant s, and he botanised in China from time to time as occasion offered is name was given everal species by his secon Prof. Asa ie —t Dr. Hance, and in closing

Chinese Empire, and a good naturalist, as well as a learned oriental scholar

JourNAL or Borany.—Vot, 22. [Marcu, 1884.] G

- 82 ON SOME CHINESE SPECIES OF OAKS.

“« Quercus densifolia (1. c. p. 363).—Q. foliis ovato-oblongis apice : attenuatis subtus albicantibus, ramulis pubescentibus, spicis termi- — nalibus erectis. Habitat prope lacum Poyang, prov. Kiangsi.

a, su venosa, aiténietainiienis albicantia, venosa, venis rornetucte cram Petioli semi-unciam longi, pubescentes.

‘* Quercus chinensis (1. c. p. 863)—Q. foliis lanceolatis acuminatis — basi in petiolos attenuatis, spicis fructiferis deflexis. Habitat — rope lacum Poyang, prov. Kiangsi. or excelsa. muli — substriati dichotomi. Folia alterna petiolata, 5 ad 6 uncialia, extra medium

ibu ; tecti — oblongis, valde sericeis, apicibus cuspidatis glabris; _ intus sericei. i oar ee 164 and 165 of his ‘ Narrative,’ Abel speaks of oaks — found near Tatung, which is in An-whei province, but whether — here is a confusion of ae or whether, as is probable, the — ea ne e found in both — no practical pores 3 «One

its head, crowning a naked ai: scab stem. Its fruits grewin long — upright spikes, terminating the branches. Another species, — Q. chinensis, growing to the height of fifty feet, bore them in long © pendulous spikes. :

imowiez, to whom I wrote on the muuetts answers that he has no MET Fe of what Q. densifolia may be, arking, however, that it would suggest @. thalassica Hance, were core not for the very small leaves described by Abel. The typical leaves of Dr. Hance’ : : species are 3-5 inches long, but there are Chusan specimens Sloane Herbarium, labell ed Q. inversa Tiindl. (reduced Py DeCandolle : to Q. Ealnssion), the leaves of whic average about two inches 10 — length, which in other respects see answer to Abel's

Mae St3 abe:

With regard to Abel’s Q. chinensis, the case is somewhat . simplified by his fuller description, and gue facing page 165, drawn by Sir William (then Mr.) Hooker. After a

P<) 4 a5 te a ro) s) eu Eh 4 @

chinensis, while it is erect in Lindley’s Species, and ae dichotomy > of the branchlets, though sonra and is not commo in the latter.

arruthers, who examined the specimens inclined to attach no great tS areleas to these differences. On th and, M. Maximowiez wikes that his specimens of

Ro NE ae Ce Ok ee Reem R SRS Ee) Rar See St age oe en tee rae ieee ae aa

ON SOME CHINESE SPECIES OF OAKS. 838

_ spikes; but he adds that the larger series of examples available

here may show a closer connection than e had seen between the tw s to these points, I find t th young hes in

phy vila va greatly; the petiole is sometimes 9 line

ong, s arly obsolete; the base is sometimes distinctly Fee Bicol, in the older and broader joavan. but is oftener more or less attenuated, and there seems to be no contlake on the’ same

r remarked that, in the figure of ae s ee there are some leaves much broader than the typical on

nder the circumstane s M. Maxi mowicz suggests, it seems

best simply to regard Abel’s Q. ‘lensifolia and Q. chinensis as two addi-

pone to the flora of China. Unfortunately, Bunge )

name of Q. chi li

and I therefore propose for the former the name of Q. Bungeana._ In the sixth volume of the Tansee Society’s Journal (pp. 31- 33), Mr. Carruthers published ‘ Notes on some species of Oaks from Northern China, collected by Dr. Daniell,’ the specimens of which, at the British Museum, I have lately had an opportunity of studying. t Mr. Carruthers’ request I sent leaves of the two undetermined species to M. Maximowicz, and, as was to be expected, the rich anchurian collections at St. Detarsbars have enabled that

ope cmaned porous to offer some ataruaend eee species No. 5 (Carruthers, ye Linn. Soe. p. 82) was, in

Q. 8 the eauace of fruit, distingwished m Q. oer ‘Thbg. by the

uniform obovate shape 0 ® lavet, ‘and by the almost obcete petioles. M. Masimerioe ¢ wri ites inclined to k the young plant of Q. chinensis Hauge we "0. Bungeana F Forbes),

— Usually Q. chinensis has longer petloled leaves of different shape, i in i i young vigorous

but these jong petioles occur in innovations or

| the _ present actually a middle form between your extreme leaf and the

adult type, some leaves of the same branch being nearer to the type, others nearer to your leaf.” Q. species No. 6 (Daceathees, ce. p. 82), which was pene

), from the leaves only, as probably most nearly allied to Q. chi

=

Bunge, is considered by M. Maximowicz to be a young tree of Q. serrata ae: ‘«‘This,” he writes, “‘in its young state, like Q. - chinensis Bunge, bears more obtuse and somewhat panduriform leaves ‘avhich state is the var. obtusata Blume! e!). I must add that

e eaves

84 ON SOME CHINESE SPECIES OF OAKS.

the Shanghai "Bund which Mr. Oarrathers refers to his species, and aig study of this material leads m whether its iden h Q. serrata has been fully established. The

cimen from the Leyden Herbarium, labelled by Blume, Q. serrata, the leaves of which correspond wit th Mr. Carruthers’ type in their acumination, but differ in being little, if at all, attenuate at the

and clothed with hairs, which under the lens have a much more shiaeey appearance ¢ than those from Shunghar stamens generally 4, but only 8 in some few flowers on the catkin. In Q. acutissima the male “ower: a are very shortly but distinctly pedicelled, the perigone lobes in the catkin examined are only 8 (there are 4 in @. serrata), ovate or triangular, not cut down more than two- thirds ee : the base; stamens usually 8, though 4 were found in one or two — cases. My specimens have no fruit, and the female flowers ar very young, but the styles show a differe nee from Q. serrata iD being not dilated, a Arto notched, at the apex. Stauntons plant, which served a s type, has no acorn, but only a cupule, the scales of which are adpressed more closely and for a much longer distance upwards than in any of Q. serrata which I have examined. On the whole, it seems to me that the question of merging — Q. acutissima in Q. serrata can only be decided by the study of fuller materials, which should be ‘eanily Sater aga as the former tree is not uncommon in the Shanghai

GLAUCA ab. —The first record 27) ne species in China

was made in 1875, by Dr. Hance,* who had received it from the provinces of Fokien and Chekiang. I have a specimen, gatheree by my i i ian.

and are be BOER CRANIRE mucronate, and the under piled of ‘all is velvety, with prominent parallel costules. They match @ Japanese specimen at cri hath from the Leyden Herbarium. There is also at Kew a men gathered by Mr. Maries in the Lushan Hills Mere se hie: is probably one of Blume’s varieties of this specie

PE AR Alta de ced We OT YET mere

* Journ, Bot. 1875, p. 363.

% ON SOME CHINESE SPECIES OF OAKS. 85

Q. Visrayeana Franch. & Sav. (Enum. Pl. Jap. ii. 498).—-There are, both at the British Museum and at Kew, two unnamed specimens brought by Fortune, in 1854, from the Chekiang Hills, _ which I found to be identical with a see specimen in my herbarium, collected by M. ee in 1863, at Naga- Rigg. and ite ted by him under the label * Q. glauca? Thhg., var. ?” _ In reply to my inquiry, M. aicisores informs me that since his 4 distribution he has found that his specimen matches exactly - Blume’s type at Leyden, of Q. myrsinayol, but that it matches equally well with Franchet and Savatier’s Q. Vibrayeana. e _ former species has fruit in axillary tires two or three together, - and the latter has them in spikes; but, in the absence = any fruit at all on his own specimens, M. Maximowicz had been unable to _ decide the question, It happens that Fortune’s and my y upecipieds have good fruit, and their characters agree so well with Franchet _ and Savatier’s diagnosis that I have no hesitation in referring the _ Chekiang tree to this species, which is now first recorded from China. 4 Fortune’s ticket bears the memorandum, ‘‘ Quercus sp., on which _ Dicronocephalus feeds”; and Prof. Oliver was good enough to draw my _ attention to a note by Fortune in the ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle,’ * where S

4 the error being perpetuated in the ‘ Flora Hongkongensis. m Mr. Carles specimens gathered b

. hina. Museum a few other Chinese spe erence 5 bet yet critically deter- mined, and which are therefore not included in - list. Q. acutissima Carrut oe Pct fa Kiangsu Q. aliena Bl. Pechili; Anwhei. Q. bambusifolia Hance. Hongko ong (Q. salicina HL H.Eay : reins bowed ho wee hinensis Bunge non Abel). Pechili;

oT ~ hegnrcticronseg The fine evergreen oak sold under this name was found wild on t shi Mequon = the ~~ jan g tage Full-size ype are at 30

on this svecies. This oak is preted to be hardy in er siahe and if me it will be a valuable introduction. It is probably distinct from the Hongkong species which has been published under this name.”—Gard. oa 1860, p. 170. The i i. 2, p. 100 «Q. bam wseéfolia Hance MSS. (Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1860, p. 46, e. pierces is vidently a misprint, nor have 1 been able to trace iste pet Lindley’s pen m this subject.

+ Journ. Bot 1875, p. 364.

aa

86 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA.

Q. chinensis Abel. Kian Q. cornea men | Hongkong ; S. China. Q. cuspidata T Cor Q. densifolia ae Kian @. dentata Thhg. Pechili's “shige ; Shantung; Corea. Q

ge Champ. Hong Q. gilva Bl. Chusan fells ago. Q. glandulifera Bl. Chekiang; Kiangsi; Corean wR Q. glauca Thbg. (Q. annulata Sm.) Kwangtung; Fokien ee : ‘Kiangst Kiangsi. ei Bt

. o Pe - Be

a. Q. Hartah Hance. Hongkong; 8. China. es g.

: Shing

Q. mong golica Fisch. os ea. ; Shingking. @. Mouleti Hance. Chekian 2 Q. obovata Bunge. Pechili » Shin king. ee Q. sclerophylla Lindl. Hongkong ; ; Kwangtung 5 ; Fokien i

Chekiang; Kiangsu; Kiangsi; Chusan n (? Q. serrata Thbg. Shin ingking ; Shant tung Kiangsu ; Chekiang. 4 (. thalassica Hance (Q. tnversa Lindl.) Hon enone + North China

(in Herb. Mus. Brit. sine loco); Chusan (Herb. §

‘ 2Q. ur reser Bl., et var. @. brevipetiolata ke DC. China (ex

rod. x

2,p.1 ‘ Set Reo Franch, & Sav. (Q. bambusefolia Hort. nom Hance). Chekiang. es

A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SFLAGINELLA. By J. G. Baxzr, F.R.S., &c. (Continued from p. 26.)

110. S. u li. 224 : Stems se theg voatliag a foot in aoe slenuer, flat on the back, . bisulcate on the face, j

ong, lanceolate, Sic ara Keel ed. H cuador, Jameson ! Spruce 4790! 5603! New Granada, Sati 8. Linpien A. Br. in Crypt. Nov. Gran., 881.—Stem trailing, reschiee a : boas in aa. “flat on the back, bisuleate

_ A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA. 87 _ the face, jointed at the nodes, a ae a, ae the branches copiously compound. Leave rat r plane much spaced, spreading, btn! lanceolate, acu fat in fini: very unequal-sided, the lower margin parallel with the midrib, the upper rounded, laterally attached, truncate at the base, very obscurely ciliated ; sage of the upper plane half as long, oblong, acute, not

cuspidate. Spikes }-4 in. long, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- lanceolate, Senucty keeled Hab. New. nada, Lindig 1507! Holton 88 !

Andes of Gra

ea Spruce 4798! 5676! Scarcely more than a variety of ingula 1 . Kraussrana A. Br. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1859, 22; S. mnioides Spring, ex parte; S. hortensis Mett. ; Lycopodium en Kunze; L. denticulatum Hort.—Stems ‘trailing, 4-1 ong, jointed at the nodes, flat on the back, subterete on the face, copiously pinnate, with copiously compound erecto-patent branches. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous on the br anchlets, spaced on the branches and main stem, 0 oblong- -lanceolate, acute, 4-4 in. long, bright green, moderately firm in texture, a little more produced on the upper side of the midrib, ciliated and broadly rounded at the base and a little imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a third as long, oblique ovate, acute, not ¢ cuspi- date. Spikes short, square, 3-1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate- caaplaictee strongly ke at d. H pe Colony, Natal, Fernando Po, Cameroon Mountains, Azores, Mderrs: and reported also from Sicily. The commonest species in gardens, where it is often grown under the name of “ Tycopodium denticulatum.” S. Brownit Hort. Stansfield, is a dwarf variety from the Azores. I cannot distinguish from this species S. remotifolia Spring in Plant deen er 276, from the mountains of Java, and S. japonica Miquel, Prolus, 349, from Japan,

one-third to ee as long, oblong, acute. Spikes short, square, } lin. diam.; bracts ovate cuspidate, strongly keele . Java, Zollinger 2011! A near ally of S. rotundifolia, 114. §. Savatieri, n.sp.—S. denticulata Franch. & Savat. Enum. Jap. ii.- 198 , non Link. — Stems trailing, 2 in, long, sparingly pinnately branche, the branches erecto-patent, the lower forked, the upper simple. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, spreading, a line long, shicue ovate, — pale green, rather fir mer in texture

88 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA.

long, oblique ovate, ike not cuspidate. Spikes 4-1 in. long, © $-1 lin. diam., sometimes forked; bracts ovate cuspidate, similar in texture to the Jeaves, neither dense nor acutely keeled. Macro- spores finely echinulat

Hab. Japan, in the island of Nippon, Savatier! Very n nipponica, from which it differs by its more cordate leaves anid muricated macrospores.

115. 8. yreponica Franch. & Savat. Enum. Jap. ii. 199.—Stems wea 2-4 in. long, pinnately ad the branches erecto-

ng, S. weg ie rere more produce the upper side

oblique oblong, acute, not ‘caspidad e. Spikes 4 4-1 in. lon diam. ; bracts gaitor or slightly dimorphic, similar to the leaves in texture, ovate cuspidate, not dense, nor strongly keeled

Hab. Japan, in the island of Nippon, Thunberg ! Savatier | Bissett! Differs from 8. imtegerrima mainly in its laxer, less acutely-keeled bracts. There is a specimen of this from Thunber, in the Smithian herbarium, so oie . is agabulsss the Lycopodium ornithopodioides of his ‘ Flora J apon

116. S. mnreGerRma Spring Monop: li. 79; L. integerrimum and ornithopodioides Hook. & Grev. — Stem trailin very slender,

$0 crowded and ascending on the branchlets, neeaion! and Spee a or deflexed on the main stem, oblique oblong, subacute, 1-12th i

leaves of the upper plane one-third to one-half as lo ong, oblique, ovate, acute. Spikes square, 1-4 in. long, 1-1} lin. diam. ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, strongly ke ele

Hab. n the warmer parts of the island, Kenigj Gardner! Thwaites 8280! This is the Lycopodium ornithopodioides

f the Linnean herbarium. We have closely allied plants from Japan, gathered by Oldham; from the Macalisberg range, in Sout frica, ered Sanderson; fro ourbon, gathered by Dr

er

cuspidate; and from Chusan, gathered by Alexander, with more

rigid smaller acute leaves of both kinds, which will likely prove

distinct ; but none of the specimens are in fruit, and they may be aoe stachyo id.

117. 8. exieva Spring Mon. ii. 288: Lycopodium aristatum

ee ? S. aristata J. Scott? non Spring.—Stems densely tufted,

in. long, very slender, decumbent, with slender root-fibres in

the ‘lowes half, closely pinnate, with compound lower branches. _

A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA. 89

Leaves of the lower plane crowded on the branches, spaced on the main stem, oblique ovate, acute, a line long, pa e green, mem-

and imbricated over the stem. Leaves of upper plane little smaller, oblique ovate, acute, shortly ieee. Spikes short, copious, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts ovate, went strongly keeled, sixtislat to the leaves in texture.

ab, Assam and Mergui, Griffith! Resembles 8. proniflora in leaves and general habit.

. PINANGENSIS Spring Monog. ii, 205. — Stems entirely trailing, very slender, suleate on the face, about 14 ft. long, ports pinnate, the central branches with 3-4 short contiguous branchlet lls of the lower plane close on both stem and branches, =preadaiiy:

oblong, obtuse, 1-12th to 1-8th in. long, pale green, membranous, nearly equal-sided, rounded at both sides at the base, a little imbricated over the stem on the upper side, shortly ciliated through the lower half of the upper side; leaves of the upper plane one- third as long, oblique ovate, with a cusp nearly as long as the blade. — short, square, 4 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, strongly eeled.

Penang, Gaudichaud ; Assam, Jenkins! Closely resembles

serpens in general habi 119. S. tee ctissima, n. sp.—Stems filiform, trailing, intermatted, flat on the face, 14-2 in. long, the — short branches simple or

little compound. Leaves of the lower plane spreading, contiguous or “ena spaced, ovate-deltoid, acute, bright green, membranous, not more than } lin. long, very un unequal- sided, very cordate and

strongly ciliated on the upper side at the base and much imbricated over the stem, the leaves of the opposite side considerably over- wrapping each o ther; leaves of upper plane half as long, ovate, with a distinct cusp. te short, 4 lin. diam., dee bracts ovate, acute, membranous, strongly ciliated, sharply ke

Hab. Macalisber g mountains, along with the ai satin tacuaat under S. integerrima, Sanderson !

1 Mackenii, n bps 24 BUeiit filiform, trailing, intermatted, 3-4 in. lon ng, suleate both on back and face, forked low down, the few pinnate ascending branches simple or little compound, of the lower _— spreading, contiguous on the branchlets, spaced “on é e Are m, oblong, subacute, a rhe in. long, pale green,

us, more produced on the side of ‘the midrib,

Hab? Banks of the Tugela river, Gerrard & McKen 287! A near ally of S. se

121. S$. Cooperi, —Stems intermatted, trailing, filif 2-3 in. long, flat on the bak, bisulcate on the face, the few ieaitee patent branches sparingly compound. Leaves of the lower plane contiguous and ascending on the branches, rather space

>

90 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SELAGINELLA.

suneiaaked over the tem. on the ae ts at the base ; en of the upper side half as Jong, ovate, with a short cusp. Spikes long, square, 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate-lanceolate, idnbraee strongly oe in the upper r ha

Hab. Orange Free State, Cooper 1056! Between albo-nitens and inser.

. ROTUNDIFOLIA Spring Mon. ii. 85; Fee Fil. Ant. t. 84, fig. 2 —Stems very slender, Gailme. intermatted, 2-4 in. long, the distant branches short and s mple. Leaves of the lower plane oso i lin ibe tlstile: cuspidate, i lin. long, pale green,

mbra nearly equal-sided, rounded on “both ek at the base, sory ciliated on the upper, not imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane one- third a s long, ovate, acute, not cuspidate,

not imbricated. Spikes very short, ek 1 lin. diam.; bracts ovate, acute, membranous, strongly kee

ab. West Indies: St. Vincent, Maras. Guadeloupe, &e., caer 579!

128. S. ovifolia, n. sp.—Stems filiform, trailing, 1-2 in. long, the distant Sepuatige short and simple. Leaves of the lower plane close, spreading, ovate, acute, } lin. long, bi ight green, mem- branous, nearly equal-sided, epee, ciliated on both margins, rounded on both sides at the base, not imbricated over the stem; leaves of the upper plane a ‘hatter as long, oblique ovate, acute. Spikes very short, 4 lin, diam.; bracts ovate, acute, membranous,

strongly keeled. Hab. Porto Rico, Schwanecke! A near ally of S. rotundifolia. S. macilenta, n. sp.— Stems very slender, filiform,

trailing, intermatted, 3-4 in, long, little branched, often excurrent ne flagellate at the tip, with the leaves rudimentary. Leaves of the lower plane spaced, spreading, oblique ovate, acute, 4 lin. long, much more produced on the upper side of the midrib, broadly rounded on the upper side at the base, not ciliated, not imbricated

e, 1 bracts ovate- lanceolate, m embranous, strongly keeled.

Hab. On stones at “the foot of Mount Chimborazo, at an altitude of 3000 sid Recs A near nae of S. Rees clas

stem ; leaves of the upper plane half as long, ithe oblong, acute,

strongly ciliated. Spikes short, square, } lin. diam, ; bracts ovate-—

lanceolate, strongly pee “conspicuously iiilatod.- ab. Cuba, Wright 8

re be continued.)

ee Be sot ESOS ES. Ree eae

91

SHORT NOTES.

ERYTHRHA CAPITATA, Var. SPHHROCEPHALA.—On turning over a iiiligeinn’ of Channel Island plants, made’ in 1876, in company with my friend Dr. Fraser, my attention was attracted by a small tuft of Erythrea, which appeared to me to resemble fig. 2 in the frontispiece to the ‘Flora of Hampshire’ (Journ. Bot. 1883, t.236). A dissection of the single flower which the plant possessed showed the filaments free to the base of the tube of the a so that there was little doubt of the identity of the spec Mr. Townsend himself

Ist of July, 1876, in ves northern end of the Island of Guernsey, and, [ believe, on L’Ancresse Common. It will pee gf be found in Western France, and svasibiy in Belgium.—Wm. Maruews.

[Mr. Baker informs us that the plant has also been found in Oeland by Dr. F. Areschoug.—Ep. Journ. Bor.]

Juncus tenuis Willd., 1n Enetanp.—In crossing a rough and rushy pasture, in the parish of Cradley, Herefordshire, a few weeks ago, I met with a plant which at first sight I took to be Juncus compressus Jacq., but which a further ie ae showed to be

Will

amply different from that Hae Mr. iam Mathews, to whom I sent specimens, at once gave his opinion tae the plant was J. tenuis Willd., and Mr. J. G. Baker has since confirmed his

determination. To me it is partienlarly interesting, as suggesting

that Don’s plant, mentioned in ‘ English Botany,’

also really J. tenuis. In edition 1 it is thus noticed « Found ty

Mr. G. Don, in 1795 or 1796, by the side of a rivulet, in marshy — ry ra

gathered. far tuft, bat poe it may prove to be more widely distributed.— R. F. Tow

Ker an excursion through southern Kerry, in noun 1883, I callosted several plants not hitherto recorded from aad or interesting as being from new localities. Radiola

throu bi ut the whole district, from near Bantry to Dingle, Solanwn Dulcamara, not recorded from Kerry in ‘ Cybele Hibernica,’ gr tween Killarney and Mucross. Hieracia were remarkably scarce. H. anglicum occurred in plenty in the Horses

92 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Glen, Mangerton, with a iricum, which also occurred on the

Purple Mountain. Veronica Buaxbaumii grew in the beds of the gardens at the aie at Macrae: and Glencar, and also on the shore of Bantry Bay, near Glengariff, in Cork. It is strange to see this

comparatively Fadint introduction into the British Isles in parts

Ireland not yet reached by much older introductions, such as the poppies and fumitories. ee mpetrum nigrum, reported rare in the

south of Ireland by Dr. Moore, was plentiful on the summit of the Purple Mountain. Ceratophyllum demersum, not recorded for Kerry in ‘ Cybele Hibernica,’ occurred abundantly in a pool at the foot of Ross ans Killarney. Hriocaulon septangulare was growing plentifully in a small lake, on the road to Sneem from Kenmare, at about four estes from the former place, in company with Cladiwm Mariscus, Kleocharis multicaulis, Nymphaea alba and Lobelia Dort- manna. ‘This is a new locality, connecting that of the Cromeen with the Carra Lakes. Carex rigida was growing with Saussurea alpina in long grass, in the upper part of the Horse’s Glen, at Mangerton, and Aira alpina also occurred on the rocks at the same place, above the first lake. It is not recorded in the ‘ Cybele Hibernica’ for Ireland. Poa supina Schrad. (an alpine form of P. annua) grew on the wet stones and in the water of the streams descending from Carn Tual. IDLEY

West Norrorx Pxrants. — On 1 looking over the records for county 28 in ‘ Topographical Botany’ I find that I possess the oo. unrecorded species for that county :—Lotus tenuis Kit. Hunst n.— Filago spathulata Presl. Heacham; Dockin Com-

, mon. — Or epis taraxacifolia Thuil. Hunstanton, found by Herbert F. Fryer. — Littorella lacustris L. In a pool on Docking Common. — Koeleria cristata Pers. pre - F. Fryer. — Triticum junceum L. Hunstanton. — Atrrep Frye

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Nouvelles Remarques sur la Nomenclature anes par M. Alph. de Candolle. Genéve: Georg. 18 9 pp. 8vo.

Tue purport of this Seas is set forth on the title-page as a ‘Supplement au Commentaire du méme auteur qui accompagnait

Since 1867, when the ‘ Lois de la raransetots botanique’ were issued by M. Alph. de Candolle, with a running commentary on certain points, many questions ‘have arisen 2Witieh were not foreseen during the period of drafting the laws. Naturally these questions were referred to the paramount Retest of the author of the Commentary, and from time to time opinions have been published concerning them. Discussions re also taken place on these topics, as the pages of this Journal abundantly show. de Candolle has therefore consolidated his replies, and has here issued

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 93

diem with some new suggestions. We = briefly summarise the new features in this edition of the Law

The Introduction mentions aie attempts at drawing up codes of nomenclature, chiefly on the part of zoologists and geologists. Next follow PO gee and discussion on certain Articles of the laws issued in 1867 ; with additional Article, 15 bis.

e much debated Art. of the original laws is also treated

here m= length.

The Second Part consists of new questions, on which no declaration was made by the Paris — of 1867. These are:

: Nomenclature of eroups of lower rank than varieties. - When an author has united one genus with another, without ing the inte can he be quoted for each specific name inepbad by the un 5. Capital or asital letters for specific na 6. Additional remark on a names of tie ‘great divisions or classes of the vegetable king art Three is devoted ts a a.-reenbiialation of the old laws, wi some Soenioete additions, arising from the foregoing ae ee ew Articles, exclusive of cian in the wording, or n patdericoks are these Art. 7 bis. Les rigles de la nomenclature botanique s’appliquent a toutes les classes du régne végétal, et aux plantes fossiles comme a celles acutellement vivantes 0 bis. a il s ‘agit de plantes fossiles, les formes qui

se sont succédé, et qu’on estime pao étre rapportées a une méme espéce sont appelées des mutation ee La désignation d’un groupe, par un ou plusieurs

noms, n’a pas pour but d’énoncer des charactéres ou l’histoire de ce groupe, mais de donner un moyen de s’entendre lorsqu’on vatit en par ot 50 (recast). Lorsqu’un nom inedit a été publié en

Vatiribunsit & son auteur, les personnes qui le percep plus tard doivent ajouter le nom de celui qui a publié; mple : Leptocaulis Nuttall in D. G.: Oxalis lineata Gillies in Hoakae:

rt. 66 (recast). Un nom de genre doit seein tel quil a été fait, 4 moins qu’il ne s’agisse de corriger une erreur purement typographique. La désinence d'un adjectif latin as nom d’espéce peut étre modifiée pour la faire accorder avec le nom generique.

We hope shortly to take up the whole of the points newly set forth ; in the meantime we trust that this outline may suffice.

Bs duds

New Books. —-H. Battton, ‘ Le Jardin Botanique de la See de Médecine ~ ee (Svo, pp. iv., 180 (map): Paris, r.). — A. Lav ‘Les Clematites a grandes Fleurs’

(0, pp. xii, ., 84, tt. 29: Pats Bailliére). — J.C. Sauzt & P.N. ‘Flore des Deux-Sévres’ (8vo, ed, 2, pt. 1, pp. xxxi.,

94 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.

343: Paris, HeLeuae) —C, err ‘Vergleichende Botanik i

fiir nee (8vo, pt. i., pp. xiii., 112, 8 plates: Jena, Mante).— de DD. : i

pp. 257- 512: Scrophularinee to Acanthacea). — §.Viwau, ‘ Sinopsis de familias y géneros de Plantas Lenosas de Filipinas’ (Manila, Chofré: 1 vol. (text) 8vo, pp. xvili., 414; 1 vol. ae —

pp. xliv., tt. 100). — H. Frrenp, ‘Flowers and Flower 2. vols., pp. xvi., 704 (London, Sonnenschein, 1 16s.). — J. ee

: Catalogue of causcan Plants olypets tale’ (Montreal, Daw- son: 8vo, pp. ix., 192). — G. ie s, ‘Flora della provincia di Bologna ’ ee pp. xix., 583: Bolo Se Zanichelli). — F. Antorne,

‘Phyto-iconographie der Bromeliaceen’ (text, 4to, pp. vill., 6: 5 fol. plates: Wien, Gerold).

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.

American Naturalist. — J. B. Ellis & G. Martin, ‘New Flor has (Isariopsis clavata, Phyllosticta fraxini, P. catalpe, palo 2: ~ orontii, R. andr omed@, Cercospora perse@, C. heuchere, Macrosporium

‘Martindalei).

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. —R. Kidston, ‘On a Specimen of Pecopteris (? RAE ‘pha Brongn.) in circinate venation, with re-

arks on Spiropteris and Rhizomopteris.’ — ‘New Species of Schutzia (S. Bennieana) from the Calciferous Sandstones of Scotland’ (1 plate). — F. Schmitz, ‘On the Fertilization of the Floridee’ (1 plat ee

Botanical Gazette. — A. P. Morgan, ‘Memoir of L. D. de Bohveinits eine — a S. Earle, ‘N. American forms of a ote

t. Contralblate (No. 5). — E. Henser, ‘Beobachtungen tber Zelikerathtlung (2 lage — —. Rothpletz, aoc f Oswald Heer (portrait). — (Nos. 6, 7, 8). A. F. W. Sch , ‘ Ueber Bau See der pr erdeet: Westndiens.’

‘eb. 22). QO. Loew, ‘ Noch einmal tiber das Protoplasma.’ Botaniska Motte: — C. Kaurin, ‘ Fra Opdals Mosflora’ (Brywm claviger, sp. n.). — E. Ljungstrim, ‘ Vaxtgeografiska bidrag till Skines flora.’ — Id., ‘Om nagra Koénsfo rhall anden och dirmed i a stiende modifikationer i blommans bygrad hos en del

ynge letin of . ee Bot. Club (Jan.). — J. Schrenk, ‘ Notes on

Tuck sre (1 plate).—F. L. Scribner, ‘ New N. American Grasses’ (Bouteloa wide. Thurber B, Burkitt Seribn. ee Havardi Vasey, zB. Avene Bat Trisetum Hallii Seribn.). —- G. Vasey, pakke hila Curtissti, 1. sp.

are (Feb. 9).—Vanda Sanderiana (ic. pict.).

ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 95

Gardeners’ Chronicle (Feb. 2). — Caryopteris mastachanthus (fig. 30).—W. G. Smith, ‘Sand and Fungus Spores.’ — (Feb. 9). Mas- devallia pachyantha Rehb. f., Saccolabium ieiliniond Rehb. f., spp. nn.

—C. B. Plowright, ‘ Barya aurantiaca’ (figg. 32-34). — (Feb. 16). Aerides Rohanianum Rehb. f., Oncidium endocharis Rehb. f., spp. nn. —J. H. Krelage, ‘ Iris reticulata cyanea—I, histrio’ (fig. 41-44),

Knowledge (Feb. 1, 22).—G. Allen, ‘ The Evolution of Flowers.’ _ — Naturalist. — J. EK. Bagnall, ‘ Flora of Warwickshire’ (La

Nature (Jan. 81). — G. Schweinfurth, ‘Further Discoveries in the Flora of Ancient Egypt

Naturalist. — G. Maio: ‘Primary Causes of Variety in Plant- Structure.’

Zeitschrift. — F. Lorinser, ‘Hin neuer Pilz’ yee (Plenraes sulcato-jugatus). — iesbaur, ‘ Die senfl in Bosnien ’ (contd. ).— J. a aumler, ‘ Die ocedors von Pressburg in Ungarn.’—H ‘ Bacterien als directe Abkémmlinge einer Alge.’ — B Blocki, - ‘Bin Beitrag zur Flora Galiziens und der Bukowina’ (contd.). — schek,

‘Ueber Darwin’s Bewegungsvermégen der Pflanzen.’—V. v. Borbas, ‘Die Nadelholzwialder des Eisenburger Comitates.’

Pharmaceutical Journal (Feb. 16).—J. mast ee Munting ‘De Vera Antiquorum Herba Britannica.’ H. Paul, ‘Report on Analyses of "Speanians of Cinchona Bark fi on India.’

Science- Gossip. — W. H. Harris, ‘ Fossil Plants in the Silurian Formation near Cardiff.’

Science Monthly. -- G. C. Chisholm, ‘Lessons from Common Plants.’

BOTANICAL NEWS.

Mr. G. 8. Bouteer is about to prepare a new edition of Gibson’s ‘Flora of Essex,’ and will be glad of assistance he Flora will be re-arranged according to river-basins, and the literature of the subject thoroughly worked up. Mr. Bo oulger wishes to have every form recorded authenticated by a specimen in his herbari Boulger is also collecting materials for ee notices of Thomas Webb Dyer, M.D., of the Bristol Infirm d of Richard Warner, author of the ‘ Plante Woodfordiensis ry Batrour has been appointed Sherardian Professor of Botany st Oxford. There were six candidates, and the electors were Sir John Lubbock, aS wie Babington, the President of lom

Magdalen, Professor Bartho w Price, Professor Moseley, the Bishop of Winchester, and Sir giyfdos Hooker. The duty of aH

Dosfeanie is to lecture and give instruction in botany. He also have charge and cipeavanee of the Botanical Gardens and of

96 BOTANICAL NEWS.

the botanical collections belonging to the University, and it will be part of his duty to make the gardens and collections accessible to and available for the instruction of students attending his lectures.

benefaction of W. Sherrard, Doctor of Civil Law, and assigned to the professorship, and also to the emoluments appropriated to the professorship by the statutes of Magdalen College. The combined emoluments of the office from these sources will be £500 a year. The Professor will be subject to the statutes of the University in regard to the professorship, and to the statutes of Magdalen in regard to the fellowship. The Professor will also receive £200 a ided

Tue study-set of the very large collections recently made by Mr. H. O. Forbes in Java, Sumatra, Amboya, Timor, and Keeling Island, have been acquired for the British Museum Herbarium, to which have lately been added the type-collections of Algwe belonging — to the late Dr. Dickie, and the Rose-herbarium of the late M. Déséglise.

Mr. Townsenp is anxious to obtain good collections of the English mints. Address, stating terms, Honington Hall, Shipston- on-Stour.

_ Dr. Joan Hurron Baurour died on Feb. 11th. We hope to give a notice of-his life next month.

Tue Council of the Royal Society have appointed a committee, consisting of Messrs. Ball, Carruthers, Dyer, and Oliver, to prepare a catalogue of the known plants of China, and have placed £200 at their disposal for this purpose. The committee have secured the co-operation of Mr. F. B. Forbes, who, during a residence of many years in China, devoted considerable attention to its flora, and since his residence in England has had prepared, at his own expense, catalogues of all the Chinese plants contained in the Herbaria of the British Museum and the Royal Gardens, Kew. It is proposed that these catalogues and numerous additional materials in the possession of Mr. Forbes shall be the basis of the enumeration, and that Mr. Hemsley be asked to assist in the work.

A rumour from China was received last month that Dr. Hance’s valuable herbarium and library had been destroyed during the

a calamity, although he must have passed a mauvais quart @heure uring the disturbance. _

97 ON THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF | SCIADOPITYS

By Maxwewtt T. Masrers, M.D., F.R:S.

Tue opportunity which I have recently had of examining specimens, in various stages of growth, of the curious Umbrella Pine of Japan, Sciadopitys verticillata, leads me to offer the following notes, which, though fragmentary, may help to fill up our know- ledge of the plant and its allies. The evidence I — been able to collect enables me to lay down these proposition

at the true leaves of Sciadopitys are the ‘aoeablowara of the true or primordial leaves of Pinus. hat the ‘needles ’’* of cineca Ee they occupy the same relative position as the eedles”’ of Pinus, are not Bu Serta of ares same morphological ‘significan ce.

. That the bracts of the cone of Sciadopitys are homologous with the true iat of that a and also with the bracts of Abietinee genera

hat the seed-scales of the cones of ee are the equivalents of the corresponding parts in Abietinea.

. That the adult seed-scale of Sciadopitys and of Abietinee ce the same pasha position with regard to the bract that the ‘“‘needle” of Sciadopitys and the are’ of ‘‘needles”’ of Pinus ee its sheath) rospoctivady do to the true leaf.

at although the apparent —— = he same between the parts just ‘angansictied, it does not follow their morphological again is identical, inasmuch as me oeigit may be different. in proliferous cones of various species, the bract may become cae or it may remain in the condition of a bract-scale as in Sciadopitys.

. That in such proliferous cones the seed-scales may be present, in a more . ots peri 8 state, while in other cases they on! be ee

- That

ach of these points I propose to offer some remarks,

based ae articularly on my own observations, and with only

such moons reference to the copious literature of the subject as may be esse

The sites of the true leaves of Sciadopitys:—The comparison of

the leaves on the branches of this plant with the Serve guard oe

and it may be added with the cotyledon, of Pinus is in itse nt to establish this proposition, which may be supported cS the state- ment that the anatomical conformation is essentially the same in

I use this word advisedly, in order not to predicate prematurely anything

a8 to the exact nature of these m

JOURNAL OF Socks Vou. 22, [Aprin, 1884.] H

98 ON THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF SCIADOPITYS.

all, the xylem lieing aed ho phloem below,* the meet difference consisting in the abse f the ‘‘ bundle-sheath ”’ the leaf of Sciadopitys. If confi¢iastinn were needed it aight be obtained from an examination of the seedling plant.

Germination of Sciadopitys—The seedling plant nt a long ik aaah branched tap-root or radicle, a lon lindrical

aa Been iinet re

from the seed-coats as the US ; = this latter pomt I have at Ertan no direct evidence, nor as to their soso

nu

Although no apportanity has yet occurred to me of absolutely

seeing the transition between these elongated primordial leaves aves i he ad